Senate of the Republic of Mexico
The Senate of the Republic (Senado de la República) serves as the upper house of Mexico’s bicameral Congress. The Senate was established through the Constitution of 1824, which disposed that the Legislative Power would be deposited in a General Congress integrated by two Chambers. It was abolished by the Constitution of 1857, which established a unicameral legislature, and re-established on November 13, 1874. The Senate currently consists of 128 senators who serve six-year terms with the possibility of one consecutive reelection. Senators are elected through a mixed system: 64 by direct vote (two from each state and Mexico City), 32 assigned to first minorities (one per state), and 32 by proportional representation. The Senate holds constitutional authority to ratify international treaties, approve presidential appointments, and serve as a check on executive power.
