Venezuela’s Ministry of Popular Power for Communication and Information (MINCI), founded in August 2002 by then-President Hugo Chávez, serves as the Venezuelan government’s central communications body overseeing state media, including the TV channel Venezolana de Televisión and the regional broadcaster teleSUR. By 2011 the Venezuelan news website analítica.com noted that much of MINCI’s budget had been allocated for government propaganda. In 2025, the news organization Caracas Chronicles noted MINCI as part of the “secret network powering Maduro’s propaganda machine.”