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South

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“South” is a primary external propaganda brand of the South International Communication Center (南方國際傳播中心), or SICC, a state media organization under the Nanfang Media Group (南方報業傳媒集團), officially launched on July 3, 2025. “South” is a rebranding of its predecessor, “GDToday,” which was established in November 2023. The brand, which has a presence on most overseas social media platforms, is both a reference to Guangdong as a southern province, and an awkward acronym for “Service, Orientation, Unity, Tellers and Horizon,” in with “tellers” is a reference to Xi Jinping’s injunction to “tell China’s story well.”

Ente Nazionale ldrocarburi

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Eni S.p.A. ( Ente Nazionale Idrocarburi) is an Italian multinational energy company established on February 10, 1953. The company was founded under the leadership of Enrico Mattei, who served as its first chairman, to rebuild Italy’s energy policy and secure the country’s energy independence following World War II. Headquartered in Rome, Eni operates across oil and gas exploration and production, refining, marketing, and, increasingly, renewable energy. The Italian government maintains control through a 31.835% combined stake held by the Ministry of Economy and Finance and state-controlled Cassa Depositi e Prestiti.

Agenzia Giornalistica Italia

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Agenzia Giornalistica Italia (AGI) is an Italian news agency founded in July 1950 by journalist Giulio De Marzio and lawyer Walter Prosperetti. The agency has been controlled by Italian state energy company Eni since 1965. Based in Rome, AGI maintains 15 regional editorial offices across Italy and a foreign bureau in Brussels. The agency produces over 1,000 daily news bulletins covering politics, economics, international affairs, culture, and sports, and publishes in seven languages, including Italian, English, Chinese, Arabic, Spanish, Portuguese, and French. AGI was among Italian media outlets that established partnerships with Chinese state media in the 2010s.

Propaganda Office of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Party Committee

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The Propaganda Office of the Party Committee of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region is the functional department of the Party Committee of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in charge of ideological work. The department’s main responsibilities include formulating and implementing tasks, policies and measures for propaganda work in the region in accordance with the deployment of the central government and the regional party committee, coordinating and guiding the work of all units of the regional propaganda and cultural system and the propaganda departments of the party committees at all levels in the region.

Islamic Republic News Agency

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The Islamic Republic News Agency (IRNA) is Iran’s official state news agency, founded in 1934 as Pars News Agency and renamed following the 1979 Islamic Revolution. Operating under the Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance with government funding, IRNA maintains 60 domestic offices and 30 international bureaus worldwide. The agency publishes the Iran newspaper and provides news services in Persian and other languages. However, IRNA has faced scrutiny for spreading misinformation on topics including COVID-19, regional conflicts, and international affairs, with critics questioning its journalistic credibility and noting instances where it cited satirical sources as factual news.

Confindustria

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The General Confederation of Italian Industry (Confederazione Generale dell’Industria Italiana), commonly known as Confindustria, is Italy’s leading business federation representing small, medium, and large enterprises, founded in 1910. The association comprises 222 member organizations representing over 150,000 companies employing approximately 5.4 million people across Italy. As a private and autonomous chamber of commerce, Confindustria advocates for policies supporting Italian economic growth while providing services to its voluntary membership. The organization is a member of the International Organisation of Employers (IOE) and plays a significant role in shaping Italy’s business landscape and economic policy. 

Economic Daily

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The Economic Daily (經濟日報), founded in January 1983, is a Chinese state-owned financial and business newspaper published by the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party (中國共產黨中央委員會). According to its official website, the publication operates under direct Party supervision to communicate official economic policy and narratives. The newspaper focuses on economic development, financial markets, and industrial policy, serving as a key platform for disseminating the Party’s economic directives and perspectives. The Economic Daily also operates China Economic Net, an online portal launched in 2003, which extends coverage to international economics, technology, and lifestyle content alongside traditional financial reporting.

Il Sole 24 Ore

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Il Sole 24 Ore is Italy’s leading financial newspaper, created on November 9, 1965, through the merger of Il Sole, founded in 1865, and 24 Ore, launched in 1946. The newspaper is owned by Confindustria, Italy’s employers’ federation, and is headquartered in Milan. Il Sole 24 Ore covers business, politics, commercial law, and financial markets, and operates as part of the broader 24 ORE Group. In 2019, Italy’s securities regulator Consob fined the newspaper’s management 1.05 million euros for inflating digital circulation figures.

China Greece Cultural Media Group

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China Greece Cultural Media Group (中希文化傳媒集團) is a cross-platform media organization established in 2016 and based in Greece. The group operates China Greece Times (中希時報), a bilingual newspaper founded in 2005, and the web portal www.cgw.gr. Its platforms include WeChat accounts, mobile applications, video content, and international social media channels. As of 2023, Wang Peng (汪鹏), who also serves as the chairman of the Greece-China Alliance for the Promotion of Peaceful National Reunification (希臘中國和平統一促進會), an organization linked to the United Front Work Department of the CCP — serves as editor-in-chief. Wang was a co-founder of the China Greece Times in 2005, three years after he arrived in Greece for studies. In a post to the official website of the United Front Work Department in October 2022, Wang praised the 20th National Congress of the CCP as “an extremely important meeting convened at a critical moment as we embark on a new journey of comprehensively building a modern socialist country.” The meeting, he said, had concerned “the continuation and development of the Party and national endeavors, the future and destiny of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.” The organization has collaborated with a number of institutions, including the Chinese government-linked Athens China Cultural Center (雅典中国文化中心) and major Chinese enterprises on cultural events, exhibitions, and festivals promoting Chinese culture in Greece. The media group claims to serve as “a bridge” between Chinese and Greek communities and reaches Greek government, parliament, diplomatic institutions, and business leaders.