Eni S.p.A. ( Ente Nazionale Idrocarburi) is an Italian multinational energy company established on February 10, 1953. The company was founded under the leadership of Enrico Mattei, who served as its first chairman, to rebuild Italy’s energy policy and secure the country’s energy independence following World War II. Headquartered in Rome, Eni operates across oil and gas exploration and production, refining, marketing, and, increasingly, renewable energy. The Italian government maintains control through a 31.835% combined stake held by the Ministry of Economy and Finance and state-controlled Cassa Depositi e Prestiti.