MediaForEurope (MFE) is one of Europe’s largest media groups, founded in 1987 in Milan under the name Mediaset S.p.A. The company was listed on the Milan Stock Exchange in July 1996 and operates primarily in Italy and Spain, focusing on free-to-air commercial television and digital media development. MFE operates through subsidiaries, including Mediaset S.p.A. in Italy and the wholly owned Grupo Audiovisual Mediaset España Comunicación S.A.U. in Spain.
The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (上海合作组织), known as SCO, is a Eurasian political, economic, international security and defense organization established on June 15, 2001, and headquartered in Beijing, China, claiming to promote mutual security, political, and economic cooperation among member states. The organization emerged from the Shanghai Five mechanism formed in 1996 between China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, and Tajikistan, with Uzbekistan joining at establishment and subsequent expansion to include India and Pakistan in 2017, Iran in July 2023, and Belarus in July 2024. According to organizational documents, the SCO positions itself as the world’s largest regional organization by geographic scope and population, covering approximately 24 percent of the world’s total area and 42 percent of the world population, with combined nominal GDP accounting for around 23 percent of the global total as of 2024. Members of the organization include: China, India, Iran, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Russia, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, and Belarus.