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Bulgaria
The Council for Electronic Media (CEM) is Bulgaria's regulatory body for media services, established in late 2001. Operating under the Radio and Television Act, the CEM oversees both linear and nonlinear (fixed and on-demand) media services, including radio and television broadcasting, by setting standards and regulations that operators must comply with. The agency's members are appointed by the National Assembly and the President through a rotational system. The CEM's responsibilities include licensing broadcasters, monitoring compliance with advertising and content …
Bulgaria
On June 29, 2023, the Union of Bulgarian Journalists and the All-China Journalists Association (中華全國新聞工作者協會), China’s state-led professional body for working journalists, signed a memorandum establishing the "House of Chinese-Bulgarian Journalists" in Sofia. The agreement was signed by the executive secretary of the ACJA and the president of the Union of Bulgarian Journalists. The Chinese ambassador to Bulgaria, who was also identified as the Special Representative for China-CEEC Cooperation, attended the signing ceremony. Representatives from Xinhua News Agency (新華社), Peop…
China
Haiwainet officially launched on November 6, 2012, as the official website and new media platform of the overseas edition of the Chinese Communist Party's People's Daily (人民日報). The overseas edition of People's Daily was first published on July 1, 1985. Haiwainet was established through Haiqiao (Beijing) Cultural Media Co., Ltd., which was founded on August 27, 2012, and later renamed to Haiwainet Media Co., Ltd. on March 1, 2014. In March 2018, allegations emerg…
Australia
AUS-China TV Media (澳華電視傳媒), abbreviated as ACTV, is a Sydney-based multimedia company founded on February 21, 2006, that closely collaborates with China's official state-run broadcaster China Central Television (CCTV), under the CCP's China Media Group (CMG). According to CCTV's website, the company is registered with the Australian Taxation Office and has "always cooperated" with CCTV-4's "Chinese World" program since its establishment, providing content about Australian Chinese communities. Led by Chairman James Ren (任傳功), ACTV positions itself as a bridge connecting overseas Chinese comm…
China
The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (上海合作组织), known as SCO, is a Eurasian political, economic, international security and defense organization established on June 15, 2001, and headquartered in Beijing, China, claiming to promote mutual security, political, and economic cooperation among member states. The organization emerged from the Shanghai Five mechanism formed in 1996 between China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, and Tajikistan, with Uzbekistan joi…
India
HT Media is an Indian mass media company headquartered in Delhi, operating across print, electronic, and digital media platforms, and founded in 2002. Going back to 1924 with Mahatma Gandhi's editorial vision, according to the company, HT Media has grown into a multimedia conglomerate under the leadership of chairperson Shobhana Bhartia, a member of India's influential Birla family. Its flagship publication, the Hindustan Times, ranks as India's second-largest English newspaper, alongside business daily Mint, Hindi newspaper Hindustan, and magazines Kadambini and Nandan. The group operates 19 printing faci…
Papua New Guinea
The Post-Courier is the nation's first daily newspaper, established on 30 June 1969 and headquartered in Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea. Majority owned by Rupert Murdoch's News Corp Australia, the publication was formed through the merger of two newspapers: the three-days-a-week South Pacific Post and the twice-weekly New Guinea Times Courier. The newspaper operates as Papua New Guinea's primary daily publication, claiming an audited circulation of 26,262. It serves a predominantly urban readership with its news coverage and reporting. The Post-Courier h…
Afghanistan
Bakhtar News Agency (آژانس خبری باختر) is Afghanistan's official state news agency, established in 1939 by the Government Press Department and headquartered in Kabul. The agency operates under the supervision of the Afghan Ministry of Information and Culture and publishes content in eight languages: Dari, Pashto, English, Arabic, Russian, Urdu, Uzbek, and Chinese, with its English-language service launched in 1992 to serve foreign diplomats and international audiences. Since the Taliban's return to power in August 2021, Bakhtar has become a key component of the regime's media infrastructure, with reports indicating t…
Russia
RT, formerly Russia Today, is a Russian state-controlled international news network funded by the Russian government. Launched in 2005, RT operates channels in multiple languages, including English, Arabic, Spanish, French, and German. The network has been widely described as a propaganda outlet for the Russian government, with Margarita Simonyan, RT's editor-in-chief, once comparing it to Russia's Ministry of Defense and stating it was "waging an information war" against the West. Following Russia's 2022 invasion of Ukraine, RT was banned throughout the European Uni…
China, Egypt, Mauritania, Palestine
The 7th China-Arab States Broadcasting and Television Cooperation Forum was held in Chongqing from November 4 to 6, 2025. The event, co-hosted by China's National Radio and Television Administration (中國國家廣播電視總局), or NRTA, the People's Government of Chongqing Municipality (重慶市人民政府), the Arab League Secretariat, and the Arab States Broadcasting Union, brought together representatives from China and Arab nations, including officials from Palestine's Broadcasting Authority, Egypt’s Supreme Council for Media Regulation (SCMR), and Mauritania's High Authority for Press and Audiovisual (Haute Autorité de la Presse et d…
Mauritiana
Mauritania's High Authority for Press and Audiovisual Material (Haute Autorité de la Presse et de l'Audiovisuel), or HAPA, is a media regulatory body established in October 2006, responsible for licensing media outlets, enforcing press regulations, and nominating heads of public media organizations. The authority's six-member board includes three members appointed by the republic’s president, two by the National Assembly, and one by the Senate, a structure that leaves board members only partly autonomous from the executive b…
Tunisia
The Arab States Broadcasting Union (ASBU) is a pan-Arab broadcasting organization established in February 1969 in Khartoum, Sudan, under the League of Arab States system, and now headquartered in Tunis, Tunisia. The union, with member state seats and a rotating chairmanship, defines its mission as strengthening cooperation among Arab broadcasters through news exchange, programming services, sports rights acquisition, and technical training. The organization maintains partnerships with the European Broadcasting Union and UNESCO. …
Palestine
The Palestine Public Broadcasting Commission (PBC), formerly known as Palestine's Broadcasting Authority, serves as the state media organization under the control of the Palestinian Authority. Founded in 1994, the PBC runs Palestine TV as a satellite broadcasting service and the Voice of Palestine as its radio network, although other media outlets also operate within Palestinian territories. Critics have alleged that the organization functions primarily as a governmental mouthpiece, and Israeli officials have claimed its content promotes violent actions. In 2011, the PBC
Egypt
Egypt's Supreme Council for the Regulation of the Media is a government regulatory body established under Law No. 92 of 2016 and first formed in April 2017. Although Egypt's Constitution describes it as an independent body, the President directly appoints its head and most members. The council licenses all media outlets, newspapers, and websites operating in Egypt; it has the
China
The People's Government of Chongqing Municipality (重慶市人民政府) is the administrative body of China's fourth and largest direct-controlled municipality in China. The mayor runs the government but is subordinate to the municipal party secretary, the top leader. It comprises a mayor, vice mayors, a General Office, and numerous bureaus handling public security, judicial affairs, and civil, economic, social, and cultural matters. The government was established in December 1949, restructured as the Chongqing Revolutionary Committee (重慶革命委員會) during the Cultural Revolution in June 1968, and re-established to its current form in March 1980. Chongqing has often …
