The People’s Government of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region (新疆維吾爾自治區人民政府) is the provincial-level administrative authority governing Xinjiang, China’s largest province by area. Established in 1955 following the founding of the autonomous region, it operates under the dual leadership of the Chinese Communist Party’s Xinjiang Committee and China’s State Council. The government has overseen well-documented persecution of the Uyghur population, including mass detention, surveillance, and cultural suppression. Headquartered in Urumqi, the regional capital, it manages Xinjiang’s designated role—a central theme in external propaganda—as a strategic gateway for China’s Belt and Road Initiative and oversees the region’s significant energy resources and agricultural production.