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RT

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RT, formerly Russia Today, is a Russian state-controlled international news network funded by the Russian government. Launched in 2005, RT operates channels in multiple languages, including English, Arabic, Spanish, French, and German. The network has been widely described as a propaganda outlet for the Russian government, with Margarita Simonyan, RT’s editor-in-chief, once comparing it to Russia’s Ministry of Defense and stating it was “waging an information war” against the West. Following Russia’s 2022 invasion of Ukraine, RT was banned throughout the European Union, while platforms like YouTube, Facebook, and Microsoft restricted its content. RT has been repeatedly found by regulators to broadcast “materially misleading” information and has been ordered to register as a foreign agent in the United States.

High Authority for Press and Audiovisual

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Mauritania’s High Authority for Press and Audiovisual Material (Haute Autorité de la Presse et de l’Audiovisuel), or HAPA, is a media regulatory body established in October 2006, responsible for licensing media outlets, enforcing press regulations, and nominating heads of public media organizations. The authority’s six-member board includes three members appointed by the republic’s president, two by the National Assembly, and one by the Senate, a structure that leaves board members only partly autonomous from the executive branch. In August 2011, HAPA authorized the country’s first private media outlets, ending the government’s 51-year broadcast monopoly. The authority also defines rules governing the access of political parties to public broadcasting during elections.

Arab States Broadcasting Union

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The Arab States Broadcasting Union (ASBU) is a pan-Arab broadcasting organization  established in February 1969 in Khartoum, Sudan, under the League of Arab States system, and now headquartered in Tunis, Tunisia. The union, with member state seats and a rotating chairmanship, defines its mission as strengthening cooperation among Arab broadcasters through news exchange, programming services, sports rights acquisition, and technical training. The organization maintains partnerships with the European Broadcasting Union and UNESCO. 

Palestine Public Broadcasting Commission

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The Palestine Public Broadcasting Commission (PBC), formerly known as Palestine’s Broadcasting Authority, serves as the state media organization under the control of the Palestinian Authority. Founded in 1994, the PBC runs Palestine TV as a satellite broadcasting service and the Voice of Palestine as its radio network, although other media outlets also operate within Palestinian territories. Critics have alleged that the organization functions primarily as a governmental mouthpiece, and Israeli officials have claimed its content promotes violent actions. In 2011, the PBC signed a cooperation agreement with Deutsche Welle, Germany’s international broadcaster, to include DW programs such as “In Good Shape” and “Kick off!” in its television lineup and broadcast DW radio programming on science and technology topics. In 2013, the Asia-Pacific Broadcasting Union conducted a technical advisory mission to assist PBC in improving its radio and television transmission services across its Voice of Palestine stations.

Supreme Council for the Regulation of the Media

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Egypt’s Supreme Council for the Regulation of the Media is a government regulatory body established under Law No. 92 of 2016 and first formed in April 2017. Although Egypt’s Constitution describes it as an independent body, the President directly appoints its head and most members. The council licenses all media outlets, newspapers, and websites operating in Egypt; it has the authority to block websites, suspend publications, and prevent content deemed threatening to “national security.” The SCMR has been criticized for creating “a restrictive media regulatory scheme that grants authorities broad discretion to censor or block content,” severely constraining independent journalism in Egypt.

The People’s Government of Chongqing Municipality

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The People’s Government of Chongqing Municipality (重慶市人民政府) is the administrative body of China’s fourth and largest direct-controlled municipality in China. The mayor runs the government but is subordinate to the municipal party secretary, the top leader. It comprises a mayor, vice mayors, a General Office, and numerous bureaus handling public security, judicial affairs, and civil, economic, social, and cultural matters. The government was established in December 1949, restructured as the Chongqing Revolutionary Committee (重慶革命委員會) during the Cultural Revolution in June 1968, and re-established to its current form in March 1980. Chongqing has often been a focus of policy experimentation, including the formation in 2018 of China’s first international communication center, which operates the iChongqing platform for external propaganda.

People’s Government of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region

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The People’s Government of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region (新疆維吾爾自治區人民政府) is the provincial-level administrative authority governing Xinjiang, China’s largest province by area. Established in 1955 following the founding of the autonomous region, it operates under the dual leadership of the Chinese Communist Party’s Xinjiang Committee and China’s State Council. The government has overseen well-documented persecution of the Uyghur population, including mass detention, surveillance, and cultural suppression. Headquartered in Urumqi, the regional capital, it manages Xinjiang’s designated role—a central theme in external propaganda—as a strategic gateway for China’s Belt and Road Initiative and oversees the region’s significant energy resources and agricultural production.

German Federal Foreign Office

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The German Federal Foreign Office (Auswaertiges Amt) represents Germany’s interests to the world, promoting international exchange and offering protection to Germans abroad. Through offices in Berlin and Bonn and approximately 230 diplomatic missions worldwide, the ministry maintains Germany’s relations with other countries and international organizations. Its work extends beyond traditional government contacts to facilitate exchanges in business, culture, science, technology, environment, and development. Working closely with civil society partners including business associations, unions, and human rights organizations, the Foreign Office addresses global challenges including regional conflicts, terrorism, weapons proliferation, and human rights violations. Germany participates actively in international bodies including the Council of Europe, UN Security Council, G7, and European Union.

Antigua Broadcasting Service

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The Antigua Broadcasting Service is the state-controlled broadcaster of Antigua and Barbuda, operating one radio station and one television channel. The service was officially organized in February 1956, with shortwave programming inaugurated in 1957 and radio broadcasts beginning in June 1962. In May 2024, China Media Group (中央廣播電視總台), the state broadcaster under the direct control of the Chinese Communist Party’s Central Propaganda Department, donated video cameras and media equipment to ABS.