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European News Exchange

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The European News Exchange (ENEX) is an association of commercial television broadcasters established on December 14, 1993, operating as a news-sharing platform where members pool their news content. Beyond content sharing, ENEX also offers technical coordination, satellite distribution services, and media consulting. Initially a technical service for sharing news footage, the organization has evolved into a news provider. In 2022, ENEX had 55 members operating more than 75 channels globally, maintaining partnerships with organizations in Latin America and the Middle East. The organization has also expanded into Asia, with Shanghai Media Group (上海文廣集團) joining the platform. Every year, ENEX holds a general assembly, and in 2024, it convened in Shanghai in partnership with Shanghai Media Group and SMG International (上海文廣國際傳播中心), the group’s international communication center (ICC) tasked — like ICCs across the country formed since 2020 — with carrying out external propaganda and communication work.

Paramount Skydance Corporation

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Paramount Skydance Corporation is a major American entertainment conglomerate formed through the merger of Paramount Global and Skydance Media in July 2024, completed in August 2025. The company, headquartered in New York City, operates across film, television, and streaming platforms, including Paramount Pictures, CBS, MTV, Nickelodeon, and Paramount+. Tencent Holdings (腾讯控股腾讯控股有限公司), the Chinese tech giant, purchased a minority stake in Skydance in 2018 and now owns just under five percent of the merged company. Tencent’s holding drew scrutiny from US lawmakers in early 2025, shortly after the US Department of Defense labeled the tech giant a “Chinese military company.”

TVBS

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TVBS is a Taiwanese cable television operator established in September 1993. Originally founded as a joint venture between Hong Kong’s Television Broadcasts Limited (電視廣播有限公司) and Taiwan’s Era Group (年代集團), it became fully Taiwan-owned in March 2023 when consumer electronics manufacturer HTC Corporation acquired full ownership from its remaining stakeholders. The network currently operates five channels, including TVBS News, TVBS Entertainment, and the main TVBS channel.

Human Native AI

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Human Native.ai is a London-based data licensing platform founded in April 2024 by James Smith and Jack Galilee that connects AI developers with data rights holders, including publishers, record labels, and news organizations. Human Native.ai provides AI developers access to licensed content spanning text, video, audio, music, and code in multiple languages, while ensuring rights holders receive compensation for their work used in training large language models and other AI systems.

HTC Corporation

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HTC Corporation is a Taoyuan-based company that specializes in consumer electronics. It was founded in 1997 and initially focused on manufacturing laptop computers as an original design manufacturer and provider. It later shifted its focus to smartphones and gained popularity for its HTC One series of mobile devices.

Purple Bridge Media

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Purple Bridge Media is a UK-based media training and consulting company founded in November 2008 by Mark Egan, a former BBC journalist. The company provides journalism training, video production, and AI-focused media skills development, and has worked with organizations including the United Nations, the World Health Organization, and the European Broadcasting Union. Purple Bridge Media also provides consulting services in video strategy and social media content creation.

Middle East Broadcasting Center

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The Middle East Broadcasting Center, also known as MBC Group, is a state-controlled media company based in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, serving the Middle East and North Africa region. While the company identifies itself as “the largest and leading private multimedia company in the Middle East North Africa region,” it is 54 percent owned by the Public Investment Fund (PIF), a sovereign wealth fund chaired by Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman. The company operates over 13 free-to-air television channels and three radio stations across the region. MBC Group also runs Shahid, an Arabic streaming platform offering series, movies, live television channels, sports, and international content. The company operates MBC Studios for content production and MBC Academy, a training platform for media professionals launched in 2020.

Warner Bros Discovery

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Warner Bros. Discovery is an American media conglomerate formed on April 8, 2022, through the merger of AT&T’s WarnerMedia and Discovery Inc. The company operates the original Warner Bros. studios — founded April 4, 1923, by four brothers from the Warner family (Harry, Albert, Sam, and Jack) — along with HBO, CNN, the Discovery Channel, and streaming services HBO Max and Discovery+. Discovery Networks Asia-Pacific, the company’s Singapore-based subsidiary, has engaged in numerous co-productions with Chinese state media since at least 2012, including a series about Xinjiang co-produced with CGTN called “World’s Ultimate Frontier” (走進新疆), and the 2017 three-part documentary “China: Time of Xi” (中国:习近平时代), which China Media Group chief described as serving “external communication” goals for building “a Chinese discourse and narrative system.”

SMG International

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SMG International (上海文广國際傳播中心) is an international communication center established on October 23, 2023, by the Shanghai Media Group (上海廣播電視台/上海文廣集團), the state-owned media conglomerate operating under the oversight of the Shanghai Municipal Committee of the Chinese Communist Party. The center’s mission is to position Shanghai as “the vanguard in shaping Chinese-style modernized urban civilization and international communication.” The center is apparently meant to function as the primary center for international propaganda emanating from the municipal-level financial center, presenting it as the exemplar of “Chinese-style modernization” to global audiences — this being a key propaganda concept introduced by Xi Jinping in early 2021. SMG International, which integrates resources from SMG’s television and radio operations, claims to maintain production capabilities in seven foreign languages through a network of five overseas correspondent bureaus. The center’s flagship product, ShanghaiEye (魔都眼), was launched on November 8, 2023, and operates as a 24-hour YouTube livestream, offering interviews, world news, and videos of foreign influencers visiting politically sensitive regions such as Xinjiang to counteract international allegations of human rights abuses. The center’s documentary productions have also included the three-part series “Chinese Puzzle: Learning Chinese in America,” which profiles Americans studying Chinese, framing language learning as a tool to eliminate biases and correct misunderstandings about China.