Radio Mandarin d’Europe ( (欧洲华语广播电台) is a Paris-based bilingual broadcaster that provides full-day programs on topics such as news updates, tourism, and culture, with 12 hours in French and another 12 in Chinese. The establishment of the station was approved in 2013 by the Superior Audiovisual Council (Conseil supérieur de l’audiovisuel), the French authority responsible for regulating radio and television broadcasting. The broadcaster sometimes refers to itself as the “European Chinese Broadcast News Agency” (欧洲华语广播通讯社). According to the outlet’s archived “About Us” page, it has “established cooperative relationships with propaganda offices in Beijing, Zhejiang, Guangdong, and other regions, and is committed to becoming an overseas media platform dedicated to promoting Chinese cultural concepts.” More recently, the outlet’s website has announced cooperation to promote the Belt and Road Initiative, Xi Jinping’s signature global development and infrastructure program.