El Periódico de España is a daily publication launched on October 12, 2021. It covers politics, economics, international affairs, sports, and entertainment, and was conceived as an alternative to Madrid-centric national dailies, with the willingness to offer a more regionally diverse point of view. The publication features regional editions with local news from across Spain. Initially published in both print and digital formats, the newspaper ceased its print edition on March 28, 2024, and now operates exclusively as a digital outlet.
The Chinese Consulate General in Barcelona (中华人民共和国驻巴塞罗那总领事馆) is China’s only consulate in Spain, opened in Barcelona’s centrally located Sarrià-Sant Gervasi district. Its consular district covers the four provinces of the Catalonia autonomous community: Barcelona, Girona, Lleida, and Tarragona. Operating under the supervision of the Chinese Embassy in Madrid, the consulate provides visa and passport services, consular protection for Chinese nationals, and promotes economic, cultural, and educational ties between China and Catalonia. The Consulate has been actively engaged in outreach activities across Catalonia, including university visits and promotion of trade liberalization policies.
Hunan Broadcasting System (湖南廣播電視台) is a state-owned media conglomerate headquartered in Changsha, Hunan Province, operating under the Propaganda Office of the Hunan Provincial Committee of the Chinese Communist Party. It was established on June 28, 2010, through a restructuring of the former Hunan Radio, Film and Television Group. The group operates multiple television channels and radio frequencies, and its most prominent outlet, Hunan Television (湖南衛視), is widely regarded as China’s second-most-watched channel after CCTV-1. Its official streaming platform, Mango TV (芒果TV), was launched in 2006 and hosts original and licensed content. Among the group’s best-known productions was Happy Camp (快樂大本營), a long-running variety show that aired from 1997 until it ceased broadcasting in late 2021.
The Japan Business Federation, known as Keidanren, is a powerful corporate membership federation that is one of Japan’s three major economic organizations, formed in May 2002 through the merger of the Japan Federation of Economic Organizations (established 1946) and the Japan Federation of Employers’ Associations. According to its own description, as of 2025, the federation comprises 574 leading Japanese companies, 106 national industry associations, and regional economic organizations covering all 47 prefectures. The Federation is regarded as Japan’s most powerful business lobby, as it builds consensus among its members on policy issues — from taxation and energy to trade and labor — and channels those positions to the government through formal proposals and political engagement. Its current chairman as of April 2026 is Yoshinobu Tsutsui (筒井義信), former chairman of Nippon Life Insurance Co., who maintains a close relationship with China, regarding it as a vital economic market. In January 2026, Tsutsui stressed the need to “find an opportunity for dialogue at the economic level” amid tensions over Chinese export restrictions on dual-use items targeting Japan.
The Duan Press was founded in 1996 in Tokyo by Duan Yuezhong (段躍中), also known as “Yakuchū Dan,” who previously worked at China Youth Daily (中國青年報), the official newspaper of the Communist Youth League of China. Duan arrived in Japan in 1991 and later established the press, which describes itself as promoting “mutual understanding” between the peoples of China and Japan, language that is often used by publications close to the Party. It publishes China-themed books in Japanese, and since 2004 has released a book each year around August 15, the date Japan identifies as marking its WWII surrender. The volume compiles testimonies from Japanese soldiers who participated in the war against China. Since 2005, the press has also hosted a Japanese-language essay competition for Chinese students, for which it received an Ambassador’s Commendation from Japan’s Embassy in Beijing in 2023. Duan and the press have received consistently favorable coverage from Chinese state media outlets, including China Daily, Beijing Review, and the Global Times. Duan Yuezhong is also listed as a researcher with the Charhar Institute (察哈爾學會), which describes itself as China’s leading non-governmental think tank on public diplomacy and international relations — though its own promotional PDF from 2017 notes that the “institute completes one or two research tasks assigned by the United Front Work Department of the [CCP] Central Committee every year.” The bio for Duan at the Charhar Institute also lists him as an overseas adviser to the Qingdao Federation of Returned Overseas Chinese (青島市僑聯海外顧問) — a front organization under the CCP-run All-China Federation of Returned Overseas Chinese — and as an editorial board member of China News Service’s World Chinese Media Yearbook, published under the aegis of the World Chinese Media Cooperative Union, a front organization operated by the UFWD through China News Service.
Duna Médiaszolgáltató (DMSZ) is Hungary’s sole public service broadcaster, established on July 1, 2015, and headquartered in Budapest. While DMSZ carries the formal designation of a public service broadcaster, analysts describe it as a shell entity under effective government control, whose CEO holds no functional autonomy. The network has been strongly criticized within the EU in recent years as a pro-government outlet indicative of a general slide in media freedoms in the country. DMSZ was created through a merger of four previously separate public media entities — Magyar Televízió (MTV), Magyar Rádió (MR), Duna TV, and the news agency Magyar Távirati Iroda (MTI) — under reforms carried out during the third government of Prime Minister Viktor Orbán (2014–2018). The broadcaster currently operates six television channels — including its flagship generalist channel Duna and the news channel M1 — seven radio stations, the MTI news agency, and online services. The broadcaster is also a member of the European Broadcasting Union (EBU).
The Keizai Koho Center (KKC), also known as the Japan Institute for Social and Economic Affairs, wasestablished in 1978 as an affiliate of Keidanren (日本經濟團體連合會), a corporate membership federation that is one of Japan’s three major economic organizations. KKC describes itself as a “platform” for the Japanese business community to engage with domestic and international stakeholders, conducting programs through which some 700 companies and 40 industry associations seek to develop ties with lawmakers, government officials, scholars, journalists, business executives, and educators. KKC also analyzes public policy and the Japanese economy, publishes expert commentary andorganizes meetings with foreign media to facilitate exchanges between journalists and its member corporations.
The Tianjin Municipal People’s Government (天津市人民政府) is the chief administrative body of Tianjin, a directly administered municipality under the central government of the People’s Republic of China. It oversees the day-to-day governance of the municipality, including economic planning, public services, urban development, and the implementation of national policy at the local level. As with all levels of government in China, the Municipal People’s Government operates subordinate to and under the leadership of the Tianjin Municipal Committee of the Chinese Communist Party (中國共產黨天津市委員會), which sets the political direction and holds ultimate authority over governance in the municipality.
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations established on November 16, 1945, in London, with its Constitution grounded in the conviction that “peace must therefore be founded, if it is not to fail, upon the intellectual and moral solidarity of mankind.” Headquartered in Paris, UNESCO works across 194 member states to strengthen international cooperation in education, science, culture, and information. The organization sets standards, produces tools, and develops knowledge to address global challenges — from protecting biodiversity and safeguarding heritage to ensuring access to reliable information and advancing quality education. In recent years, UNESCO has taken an active role in global AI governance, including through its 2021 Recommendation on the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence, the first global normative instrument in this domain, as well as practical tools such as its AI Readiness Assessment Methodology and AI Ethical Impact Assessment Toolkit. In the context of China’s expanding AI engagement, UNESCO has participated in forums including the 2025 China-SCO Artificial Intelligence Cooperation Forum in Tianjin, where it contributed to high-level panels on AI governance and security risks.
