Entity Type: China-led Multilateral Coordination Mechanism

Established in 2000, the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (中非合作论坛) functions as China’s primary multilateral mechanism for engaging with 53 African nations, excluding only Eswatini which maintains ties with Taiwan. While Beijing presents FOCAC as a partnership of equals guided by its “Five Nos” policy—including non-interference and no political conditions on aid—critics note these principles often serve China’s strategic interests in securing resources and diplomatic support. Since 2018, FOCAC has been explicitly folded into China’s Belt and Road Initiative, with Beijing making headline-grabbing financial pledges ($60 billion in both 2015 and 2018) that combine loans, investments, and limited grants, though actual disbursement figures remain difficult to verify independently. The FOCAC Office is located within the Department of African Affairs of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA).

The South and Southeast Asian Media Network (南亚东南亚媒体联盟), or SSAMN, is a Chinese government-led media cooperation alliance established on January 31, 2024, in Beijing through joint leadership of China Daily Asia Pacific and the Yunnan International Communication Center for South and Southeast Asia (云南省南亚东南亚区域国际传播中心) — one of scores of international communication centers (ICCs) founded in China since 2018 as part of a national push to incorporate provinces and cities into the CCP’s external propaganda strategy. According to state media reports, the network has attracted over 40 overseas and 50 domestic media organizations, reporters’ associations, and news agencies from countries in or related to South and Southeast Asia. SSAMN says that it facilitates cooperation through resource sharing, technological innovation, and people-to-people exchanges, with activities including annual meetings in Kunming, joint project initiatives, and collaborative content production leveraging Yunnan Province’s strategic position as a gateway to South and Southeast Asia.