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Entity Type: Domestic Media Company

National Media Group

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Founded in 2008 by oligarch Yury Kovalchuk, whom one Russian analyst referred to as “Putin’s long-time friend,” National Media Group (Национальная Медиа Группа), or NMG, is Russia’s largest private media conglomerate. The company controls Channel One, Channel 5, REN TV, CTC Media networks, and the national newspaper Izvestia. NMG operates through a joint venture structure involving state-controlled entities, including Rossiya Bank (the personal bank of senior Russian officials, according to Open Sanctions), the oil and gas company Surgutneftegas, the insurance company SOGAZ, and Gazprom Media, another media conglomerate that with its parent company sits under the Russian oil and gas giant Gazprom. The content of NMG outlets is closely aligned with Kremlin narratives, with several channels facing European bans for operating as state propaganda vehicles.

Media Chinese International Limited

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Media Chinese International Limited, formed in April 2008 and dual-listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange and Bursa Malaysia, is a Chinese-language media group created by the successful merger of Ming Pao Enterprise Corporation Limited, Sin Chew Media Corporation Berhad, and Nanyang Press Holdings Berhad. The company traces its roots to Sin Poh Amalgamated, founded by Aw Boon Haw (胡文虎) in 1941. Its flagship publication in Hong Kong, Ming Pao (明報), established on 20 May 1959, was acquired by Malaysian timber tycoon Tiong Hiew King (張曉卿) in October 1995. Headquartered at the Ming Pao Industrial Centre (明報工業中心) in Hong Kong’s Chai Wan district with another headquarters in Petaling Jaya, Malaysia, the group is chaired by Ms TIONG Choon (張聰). The company reported 5 daily newspapers in 13 editions with “about 1 million” total daily circulation for 2023/24, including Ming Pao, Sin Chew Daily (星洲日報) from 15 January 1929, and other major papers. The group has expanded into digital media and operates over 30 magazines through subsidiaries, including Life Magazines and One Media Group Limited.

Sky News

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Sky News is a British television news channel that began broadcasting on February 5, 1989. The network operates as an editorially independent division of Sky UK, whose parent company is Comcast NBCUniversal. Sky News provides 24-hour news coverage across television, digital platforms, and radio, reporting on UK and international stories with correspondents stationed around the world.

Egmont Group

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Founded in 1878 by Egmont Harald Petersen, Egmont is a Nordic media group that began as a printing business in Copenhagen. It operates more than 50 different businesses spanning television, film, publishing, gaming, and digital platforms. In 2012, Egmont acquired full ownership of TV 2 Direkte, having co-founded the broadcaster in 1991. 

Paramount Skydance Corporation

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Paramount Skydance Corporation is a major American entertainment conglomerate formed through the merger of Paramount Global and Skydance Media in July 2024, completed in August 2025. The company, headquartered in New York City, operates across film, television, and streaming platforms, including Paramount Pictures, CBS, MTV, Nickelodeon, and Paramount+. Tencent Holdings (腾讯控股腾讯控股有限公司), the Chinese tech giant, purchased a minority stake in Skydance in 2018 and now owns just under five percent of the merged company. Tencent’s holding drew scrutiny from US lawmakers in early 2025, shortly after the US Department of Defense labeled the tech giant a “Chinese military company.”

Comcast Corporation

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Comcast Corporation is an American multinational telecommunications and media conglomerate founded in 1963 as American Cable Systems. The company was renamed Comcast Corporation in 1969 and is headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Comcast operates cable television, broadband internet, and wireless services across the United States. The company’s NBCUniversal division produces film and television content and operates theme parks, while its 2018 acquisition of Sky extended its reach into European media and telecommunications markets.

CNN

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CNN, or Cable News Network, is an American multinational news media company owned by the entertainment conglomerate Warner Bros. Discovery. Founded on June 1, 1980, by media entrepreneurs Ted Turner and Reese Schonfeld, the Atlanta-based network became the first 24-hour cable news channel and the first all-news television channel in the United States. CNN International, which launched on September 1, 1985, broadcasts CNN programming globally. The network also operates a Beijing Bureau to cover China and Greater Asia.

Middle East Broadcasting Center

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The Middle East Broadcasting Center, also known as MBC Group, is a state-controlled media company based in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, serving the Middle East and North Africa region. While the company identifies itself as “the largest and leading private multimedia company in the Middle East North Africa region,” it is 54 percent owned by the Public Investment Fund (PIF), a sovereign wealth fund chaired by Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman. The company operates over 13 free-to-air television channels and three radio stations across the region. MBC Group also runs Shahid, an Arabic streaming platform offering series, movies, live television channels, sports, and international content. The company operates MBC Studios for content production and MBC Academy, a training platform for media professionals launched in 2020.

Warner Bros Discovery

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Warner Bros. Discovery is an American media conglomerate formed on April 8, 2022, through the merger of AT&T’s WarnerMedia and Discovery Inc. The company operates the original Warner Bros. studios — founded April 4, 1923, by four brothers from the Warner family (Harry, Albert, Sam, and Jack) — along with HBO, CNN, the Discovery Channel, and streaming services HBO Max and Discovery+. Discovery Networks Asia-Pacific, the company’s Singapore-based subsidiary, has engaged in numerous co-productions with Chinese state media since at least 2012, including a series about Xinjiang co-produced with CGTN called “World’s Ultimate Frontier” (走進新疆), and the 2017 three-part documentary “China: Time of Xi” (中国:习近平时代), which China Media Group chief described as serving “external communication” goals for building “a Chinese discourse and narrative system.”