Diário de Notícias, established on December 29, 1864, is a daily newspaper published in Lisbon, covering politics, business, culture, and general news. Before the Carnation Revolution in 1974, which ended decades of dictatorship, the newspaper was owned by Portugal’s authoritarian Estado Novo government. The paper is now owned by the Portuguese media conglomerate Global Media Group.
Seven Days Media (七天傳媒) is a Montreal-based Chinese-Canadian multimedia company founded in 2006 that operates as a comprehensive cultural enterprise that claims significant reach across Canada and China. The company publishes Seven Days weekly newspaper (七天), Seven Days Business Weekly (七天商業週刊), and the trilingual Belt and Road magazine, while maintaining extensive digital platforms including websites, WeChat accounts, mobile apps, and social media presence on Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube.
Xiaohongshu (小紅書), also known as RedNote, is a Chinese social networking and e-commerce platform founded in 2013. Launched initially as an online shopping platform, it has evolved into something similar to Instagram, focusing on lifestyle content including fashion, beauty, and travel. The name is a tongue-in-cheek reference to Chinese leader Mao Zedong’s famous “Little Red Book,” or the Quotations of Chairman Mao (毛主席语录), which many Chinese carried during the Cultural Revolution period — suggesting the contemporary platform is an essential guide, in this case to shopping, that users must always consult. The app reported 300 million monthly active users worldwide by August 2025, nearly 80 percent of whom are women. In 2022, leaked documents published by China Digital Times revealed that Xiaohongshu’s content moderation teams censor posts about topics sensitive to the Chinese Communist Party, including derogatory nicknames for General Secretary Xi Jinping, labor strikes, and student suicides. In January 2025, Xiaohongshu experienced a significant influx of American users following TikTok’s week-long ban in the US.
Apsara Media Services (AMS) is a Cambodian multimedia television organization that operates Apsara TV11 and describes itself as a “newly formed” multimedia channel aimed at establishing itself in the online media industry. The company is headquartered in Phnom Penh and operates from the Khemrany Building on Fine Arts Street. AMS states its mission is to “provide high-quality content” to audiences across Cambodia and internationally, with a vision to “become the leading innovative broadcasting platform” that produces quality content. The organization produces content in the form of videos, articles, and programs for educational and entertainment purposes, operating specialized divisions including AMS Central for news, AMS Sports, and AMS Khmer Civilization, focusing on cultural programming.
The Penghu Times (澎湖時報) is a daily newspaper based in Magong City (馬公市), the administrative seat of Penghu County (澎湖縣), an archipelago of some 90 islands located approximately 50 kilometers west of Taiwan’s main island and regarded as strategically significant to the defense of the Taiwan Strait. According to the outlet’s own history, it was founded on January 1, 1997, by a group of local Penghu residents to fill the gap left by the closure of the Jianguo Daily (建國日報), a newspaper that had operated since 1949 under the Penghu Defense Command (澎湖防衛司令部) of the Ministry of National Defense and ceased publication following the lifting of martial law. The paper launched initially as a weekly trial edition of four pages before converting to a daily eight-page format after three months. It describes itself as the oldest and highest-circulation newspaper serving Penghu County, with distribution covering government bodies, businesses, and general readers across the archipelago, supplemented by an online edition. Editorial coverage focuses on local Penghu news, county government policy, social affairs, tourism, and lifestyle.
The Polish Press Agency or PAP was founded in 1918 as the Polish Telegraphic Agency (Polska Agencja Telegraficzna, PAT), making it one of the world’s oldest wire services. Poland’s national news agency produces political, economic, social, and cultural content with headquarters in Warsaw and 24 regional bureaus, employing nearly 500 staff as of 2013. The agency claims its content reaches 96.5 percent of Polish Internet users via online media and reported a turnover of 56.6 million PLN in 2022. Culture Minister Bartłomiej Sienkiewicz placed PAP into liquidation on December 27, 2023, after President Andrzej Duda vetoed a funding bill, though this action was “not intended to impact PAP’s day-to-day running.” The liquidation was entered into the National Court Register on January 29, 2024.
Economic Center Network, operating digitally as Geoecohub, is a Georgian news website with editor-in-chief Liana Jorjoliani. Jorjoliani has maintained a sustained focus on Chinese affairs since at least 2015, participating in China’s 2019 Visiting Program for Young Sinologists and covering the 20th National Congress of the CCP in October 2022 as a foreign correspondent in Beijing. In her 2022 coverage, Jorjoliani praised China’s anti-corruption efforts and environmental policies, stating “China shows zero tolerance in opposing corruption, which reflects the Chinese government’s strong sense of responsibility” — a highly uncritical and, many experts would argue, uninformed perception of related policies — and describing the Congress organization as “excellent” evidence of “China’s open attitude.” Her reporting, including the widespread use of state media content from Xinhua News Agency and China News Service, occurs within the context of Georgia’s 2023 Strategic Partnership with China, which elevated bilateral relations and committed Georgia to “strengthen coordination and collaboration” with Beijing on regional and international affairs. Research by Civic Idea has documented pro-China propaganda networks in Georgian media following the partnership’s signing. Geoecohub has prominently promoted clear propaganda from China, including 2025 reports from a Xinhua News Agency think tank that purport to “reveal the truth about external forces interfering in the South China Sea issue.” Jorjoliani participated in the February 2026 Belt and Road Media Cooperation Forum journalist delegation touring Chinese industrial sites.The registration information for the Geoecohub website provides a Russia-based e-mail contact, medea23@rambler.ru, that links to the Facebook account of “Lika Zhorzholiani,” apparently an alternate spelling for Liana Jorjoliani.
Nokorwat News Daily is a privately owned Cambodian newspaper founded in 2010 by General Kun Kim, Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the Royal Cambodian Armed Forces, and Director Touch Kong Kea. The publication claims to print 50,000 copies daily six days a week, with 1,300 copies reportedly distributed free of charge to government offices and coffee shops in Phnom Penh. The newspaper covers a broad range of topics from sports to international news and maintains a national reach despite holding only a 2% audience share. Its digital presence allegedly attracts 20,000-25,000 daily visitors “according to the publication’s own figures.” The newspaper gained attention in 2011 when it filed a criminal infringement lawsuit against Soy Sopheap, founder of DAP Media Center, alleging tampering with correspondence.
Asia News Time is a Chinese-language daily newspaper founded on August 28, 1993, in Bangkok. At the time of its founding it was Thailand’s sixth Chinese-language daily. It is distributed across Southeast Asia and globally. The paper serves Thailand’s ethnic Chinese community. According to its Baidu profile — whose original source links are broken — the paper has also served as an in-flight publication for Bangkok Airways. The paper describes itself as having been established by “patriotic overseas Chinese investors” — language that suggests the potential for political alignment with China that could impact editorial independence. The paper’s ties with China are well-documented. Since August 2006 it has co-distributed the People’s Daily Overseas Edition (人民日報海外版) in Thailand, with a formal launch ceremony attended by then-caretaker prime minister Thaksin Shinawatra. In 2008 it served as a designated cooperation partner for that edition’s Olympic coverage. The paper has also served as a direct publication platform for official PRC diplomatic messaging. In June 2025, China’s ambassador to Thailand, Han Zhiqiang (韓志強), published an open letter to overseas Chinese through its pages.