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Entity Type: Domestic Party or Government Institution

Italian Ministry of Culture

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The Italian Ministry of Culture (Ministero della Cultura), or MIC, is the government ministry responsible for national museums, historical monuments, cultural heritage protection, and promotion of cultural activities including landscape preservation, entertainment, cinema, and audiovisual production. Established in 1974 and headquartered in Rome’s historic Collegio Romano Palace, MiC operates through a national network of museums, libraries, and archives. The ministry’s Directorate-General for Education, Research and Cultural Institutes (DG-ERIC) coordinates education, training and research programs, including supervision of specialized restoration institutes. On February 2, 2026, Minister Alessandro Giuli signed a film co-production agreement in Beijing with China Media Group president Shen Haixiong, allowing joint productions to qualify as domestic content in both countries. MiC defines methodologies for cataloguing, conservation and restoration while promoting cultural heritage knowledge through publications, exhibitions, conferences and international collaboration.

Uruguay Presidential Press Office

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The Uruguay Presidential Press Office (Secretaría de Comunicación de Presidencia) is the communications arm of Uruguay’s presidency, responsible for planning and executing information dissemination, public relations, and strategic messaging for the presidential office and Uruguayan government. The office manages presidential communications across traditional and digital media platforms, coordinates with domestic and international press, and shapes government narratives on policy priorities and diplomatic initiatives. In February 2026, the office signed a memorandum of understanding with Xinhua News Agency committing to participate in Chinese-led “Global South” media coordination mechanisms. As Uruguay’s central government communications authority, the Presidential Press Office plays a key role in managing Uruguay’s international media presence and bilateral information exchanges, including with Chinese state media entities seeking to build propaganda coordination infrastructure with Latin American governments.

Lao Cai Provincial Party Committee Propaganda and Mass Mobilization Department

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The Propaganda and Mass Mobilization Department (Ban Tuyên giáo Tỉnh ủy Lào Cai) of Lao Cai Province operates under the Vietnamese Communist Party’s provincial committee, overseeing ideological work, media control, and public opinion management in Vietnam’s northern border region with China. The department supervises provincial state media including Lao Cai Newspaper and Radio-Television Station, ensuring alignment with Party directives. As Lao Cai shares a 203-kilometer border with China’s Yunnan Province, the department plays a strategic role in managing cross-border information flows and bilateral propaganda coordination. It represents the local implementation arm of Vietnam’s central propaganda apparatus, controlling narrative development on sensitive issues including China-Vietnam relations, ethnic minority affairs, and border development.

Government of Uruguay

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The Government of Uruguay (Gobierno de Uruguay), formally the Oriental Republic of Uruguay, is the constitutional democratic government established July 18, 1830. Uruguay operates under a presidential representative democratic republic with executive power vested in the presidency and legislative power shared between government and the bicameral General Assembly. Uruguay has historically positioned itself as a politically stable, socially progressive nation in Latin America, maintaining diplomatic and economic ties across ideological lines. In recent years, Uruguay has deepened engagement with China through trade agreements, infrastructure projects, and media cooperation arrangements, including February 2026 agreements committing government communications entities to participate in Chinese-led “Global South” media coordination mechanisms. These arrangements represent Uruguay’s balancing act between maintaining traditional Western hemispheric relationships while pursuing economic opportunities with China.

Saudi Ministry of Media

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The Saudi Ministry of Media is the government body responsible for overseeing media policy, regulation, and development in Saudi Arabia. The ministry promotes the kingdom’s media sector as part of Vision 2030, positioning Saudi Arabia as a regional media hub. The ministry organizes major events including the annual Saudi Media Forum and has prioritized artificial intelligence integration in media production. However, the ministry functions as what critics have characterized as the “main agent of censorship” in the kingdom, with a special publications department that analyzes all media content and issues directives to newspapers and magazines on how topics must be covered. Censorship extends even to works by former ministers themselves. Through its regulatory activities, the ministry seeks to control information flows while expanding Saudi influence in regional and global media landscapes.

Department of Culture and Tourism of Guangdong Province

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The Department of Culture and Tourism of Guangdong Province is the government agency responsible for overseeing cultural affairs and tourism development across southern Guangdong Province. It operates under the Guangdong Provincial People’s Government and serves as the primary authority for shaping cultural policy, preserving heritage, and promoting tourism, both domestically and internationally. It has been actively engaged on international communication, partnering with the province’s international communication center (ICC).

Government of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar

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The Republic of the Union of Myanmar operates under military rule following a coup d’état on February 1, 2021, when the Tatmadaw, or armed services of Myanmar, seized power from the civilian government. The military junta, officially called the State Administration Council [view in Open Sanctions], displaced the democratically elected National League for Democracy government that had won a resounding victory in the 2020 general election. Myanmar gained independence from Britain on January 4, 1948, but has experienced prolonged military control interrupted only by brief periods of civilian governance, including 2015-2021 when democratic elections temporarily restored civilian leadership before the latest military takeover reversed democratic progress.

Government of Vietnam

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The Government of Vietnam functions as a unitary one-party socialist republic established in its current form in 1976. Led by the Communist Party of Vietnam, the executive branch consists of a prime minister, four deputies, and 14 ministries. The government has undergone several name changes since 1945, evolving from the Council of Government (1959-1980) to the Council of Ministers (1980-1992) before adopting its current designation. All government officials are appointed by the president on the prime minister’s advice and approved by the National Assembly. The government claims to be accountable to the National Assembly, though critics note the Communist Party maintains strict control over all state functions, with the party’s general secretary considered Vietnam’s highest political authority.

Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia

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The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia’s parliamentary system was established August 21, 1995, when the Ethiopian People’s Revolutionary Democratic Front adopted the current constitution. The prime minister serves as head of government while the president holds the ceremonial head of state position. The bicameral legislature includes a 547-member House of Peoples’ Representatives elected for five-year terms and a 108-member House of Federation with representatives chosen by regional councils. Based in Addis Ababa, this federal system replaced centralized imperial and military rule, establishing ethnic-based governance across eleven regional states and two chartered cities to manage the country’s diverse ethnic populations.