Skip to main content

Entity Type: Domestic Party or Government Institution

Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia

Written by CMP Staff on .

The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia’s parliamentary system was established August 21, 1995, when the Ethiopian People’s Revolutionary Democratic Front adopted the current constitution. The prime minister serves as head of government while the president holds the ceremonial head of state position. The bicameral legislature includes a 547-member House of Peoples’ Representatives elected for five-year terms and a 108-member House of Federation with representatives chosen by regional councils. Based in Addis Ababa, this federal system replaced centralized imperial and military rule, establishing ethnic-based governance across eleven regional states and two chartered cities to manage the country’s diverse ethnic populations.

Pasaxon

Written by CMP Staff on .

Pasaxon, or “The People,” is the official weekly newspaper and organ of the country’s ruling Lao People’s Revolutionary Party (老挝人民革命党), established on August 13, 1950. The state-controlled publication declares its mission to operate under Marxist-Leninist principles. Originally founded as “Free Laos News” by the communist Pathet Lao movement in northeastern Laos, the newspaper underwent several name changes before becoming the party’s central publication in 1983. Based in Vientiane, Pasaxon functions as the ruling party’s primary media vehicle, with content focused on positive reporting about Laos while practicing significant self-censorship due to government media review policies.

UAE Media Council

Written by CMP Staff on .

The UAE Media Council (UAEMC), established in February 2023 by federal decree under President Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan, serves as the Emirates’ primary media regulatory authority. The entity apparently supersedes the previous National Media Council, which underwent change in 2021. Chaired by Sheikh Abdulla bin Mohammed bin Butti Al Hamed, who also heads the National Media Office, the council coordinates federal and local media efforts while proposing legislation to regulate and license all media outlets, including those in free zones. Though its language is highly professionalized, including a stated “mission” and “vision,” the council plays a crucial role in the control of media and content. According to its About Us page, the council’s mandate includes “reviewing and approving media content for all that is printed, published and broadcasted within the UAE including those operating in free zones” and “registering and accrediting media professionals and correspondents of foreign media in the country” — raising questions about the extent of its oversight powers.

Government of the United Arab Emirates

Written by CMP Staff on .

The United Arab Emirates, formed in 1971 as a federation of seven emirates, operates under an authoritarian federal monarchy with limited democratic elements. The UAE’s federal structure includes a Supreme Council comprising the hereditary rulers of each emirate, a Council of Ministers, and a Federal National Council. The President, currently Sheikh Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan, also serves as ruler of Abu Dhabi, while Dubai’s ruler serves as Vice-President and Prime Minister. The Federal National Council has only an “advisory role” with half its 40 members elected and half appointed, including a mandated 50 percent female representation since 2023 elections. Despite official claims that “every citizen has the opportunity to express their opinion frankly,” power remains concentrated among the ruling families, with no political parties permitted and civil liberties significantly restricted. Media development and regulation activities are handled by the UAE Media Council, which reviews and approves all content published or broadcast within the UAE and has cooperated at the state level with the People’s Republic of China.

Ministry of Federal Education and Professional Training Pakistan

Written by CMP Staff on .

The Ministry of Federal Education and Professional Training was created in July 2011 following Pakistan’s 18th Amendment. After the Supreme Court of Pakistan’s November 2011 judgment emphasizing federal responsibility for education under Article 25-A, it was renamed “Ministry of Education and Training” in July 2012. The ministry underwent further reorganizations, becoming “Ministry of Education, Training & Standards in Higher Education” in June 2013, and finally “Ministry of Federal Education and Professional Training” in June 2014. Its vision focuses on creating equitable educational opportunities aligned with demand-driven training to develop Pakistan into a prosperous nation. The ministry’s mission emphasizes creating conducive environments for education and technical/vocational training, supporting socio-economic development.

Nigerian Federal Ministry of Information and National Orientation

Written by CMP Staff on .

The Federal Ministry of Information and National Orientation is a government ministry in Nigeria responsible for managing the country’s public image, information dissemination, and cultural promotion. Established in 1999 under President Olusegun Obasanjo, dissolved on January 11, 2007, and re-established in 2015 under President Muhammadu Buhari, the ministry is currently headed by Minister Mohammed Idris Malagi, who assumed office in August 2023. The ministry claims its mandate is to establish “a dynamic public information system” that provides citizens and global communities with “credible and timely information.” Its stated functions include “strategic communication of government policies,” promoting “national consciousness,” regulating media, developing “cultural values and awareness,” and managing the National Archives.

Government of the United Kingdom

Written by CMP Staff on .

The Government of the United Kingdom, formally known as His Majesty’s Government (HMG), is the central executive authority of the UK led by Prime Minister Keir Starmer since July 2024. While King Charles III serves as head of state, executive power is exercised by the government, with the Prime Minister selecting all ministers. The Cabinet, comprising the PM and senior ministers, forms the supreme decision-making committee. Ministers are typically members of Parliament, accountable to either the House of Commons or Lords, though the government primarily depends on Commons’ confidence. The government operates through 24 ministerial departments and 20 non-ministerial departments, supported by approximately 560,000 civil servants. Government ministers lead legislative debates, answer questions during Prime Minister’s Questions and departmental sessions, and appear before parliamentary committees. While the monarch possesses constitutional authority through the Royal Prerogative, these powers are largely delegated to ministers and exercised conventionally with minimal direct royal involvement in governing.

Government of Bangladesh

Written by CMP Staff on .

The Government of Bangladesh operates as a unitary state with its central government headquartered in Dhaka. Following Sheikh Hasina’s resignation in August 2024, Dr. Muhammad Yunus serves as chief adviser of the interim government. The president functions as head of state and commander-in-chief of the armed forces, while the prime minister typically holds executive authority. The country employs a unique power transfer system where civil society members oversee a three-month transition period and general elections, a practice first implemented in 1991 and constitutionally adopted in 1996. The unicameral legislature, Jatiya Sangsad, contains 350 seats, including 50 reserved for women. The most recent parliamentary election was held on January 7, 2024. Local governance is structured through divisions, districts, subdistricts (upazilas), unions, and villages, with elected officials at the union level and civil servants administering larger units.

Ministry of Information of Cambodia

Written by CMP Staff on .

Cambodia’s Ministry of Information oversees media and information in Cambodia. Established in 1993 and led by Minister Neth Pheaktra, it operates from its headquarters at 62 Monivong Boulevard in Phnom Penh. The ministry comprises the General Department of Administration and Finance, the General Department of Information and Broadcasting, the Kampuchea News Agency, National Television of Kampuchea, and the National Radio of Kampuchea. Working alongside the Ministry of Post and Telecommunications, it plays a key role in Cambodia’s internet governance, including the implementation of the National Internet Gateway established in February 2021. This centralized gateway system was designed to manage internet traffic, increase tax revenue, and monitor online content for national security and social order, though it has raised concerns from human rights organizations regarding potential restrictions on free speech.