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Entity Type: Domestic Party or Government Institution

Government of India

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The Government of India, established in its current form on January 26, 1950, is the national authority of the Republic of India. Led by President Droupadi Murmu (de jure) and Prime Minister Narendra Modi (de facto), it comprises 54 ministries and 93 subordinate departments. The government has three primary branches: legislative (bicameral Parliament), executive (Union Council of Ministers), and judiciary (Supreme Court of India). Modeled after the Westminster system, it functions as a parliamentary democracy where the Council of Ministers is responsible to the Lok Sabha (lower house). The government operates under the Constitution of India, which replaced the colonial Government of India Act when India became a republic, transitioning from its previous status as a dominion of the Commonwealth.

Government of India Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY)

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The Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) is a standalone Indian government agency responsible for developing and implementing policies for the electronics and IT sectors. Its mission focuses on promoting digital governance, inclusive growth of electronics and IT industries, enhancing India’s role in internet governance, developing human resources, promoting R&D, and ensuring cybersecurity. MeitY’s objectives include providing e-government infrastructure, promoting electronics manufacturing, implementing R&D frameworks, supporting e-learning, securing cyberspace, promoting inclusive growth through ICT, advancing India Stack, and strengthening India’s position in global internet governance. Its functions encompass IT policy matters, digital transaction promotion, e-governance assistance, IT education, cyber laws administration, semiconductor manufacturing, international IT cooperation, bridging the digital divide, standardization, and overseeing organizations like NIC and UIDAI.

Lao People’s Democratic Republic

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The Lao People’s Democratic Republic operates as a unitary Marxist-Leninist one-party socialist republic, one of the world’s few remaining communist states. The Lao People’s Revolutionary Party (LPRP) maintains absolute political control through its general secretary, who concurrently serves as president—currently Thongloun Sisoulith, the first civilian without military background to hold this position since his appointment in 2021. The government structure consists of a National Assembly legislature, with Vice Presidents Bounthong Chitmany and Pany Yathotou, Prime Minister Sonexay Siphandone, and National Assembly President Saysomphone Phomvihane completing the senior leadership. Since overthrowing the monarchy in 1975 after years of civil conflict during the Vietnam War era, the LPRP has gradually opened the economy while maintaining strict political control. Despite significant economic reforms and infrastructure development, particularly through Chinese investment in projects like the Laos-China Railway, the country remains classified as a least developed country by the UN, though it maintains membership in regional organizations including ASEAN and participates in the Greater Mekong Subregion economic cooperation program.