The Ministry of Telecommunications, Information Technologies, and Social Communication of Angola was formally established through Presidential Decree No. 16/18 on January 25, 2018, as the entity responsible for policy and strategy in telecommunications and information technologies in Angola. The ministry works through the regulatory body, INACOM, established in 1999, to grant licenses, mediate disputes, and protect consumers.
The Council for Electronic Media (CEM) is Bulgaria’s regulatory body for media services, established in late 2001. Operating under the Radio and Television Act, the CEM oversees both linear and nonlinear (fixed and on-demand) media services, including radio and television broadcasting, by setting standards and regulations that operators must comply with. The agency’s members are appointed by the National Assembly and the President through a rotational system. The CEM’s responsibilities include licensing broadcasters, monitoring compliance with advertising and content regulations, arbitrating disputes, protecting consumer rights, and promoting fair competition in the electronic media sector.
The German Federal Foreign Office (Auswaertiges Amt) represents Germany’s interests to the world, promoting international exchange and offering protection to Germans abroad. Through offices in Berlin and Bonn and approximately 230 diplomatic missions worldwide, the ministry maintains Germany’s relations with other countries and international organizations. Its work extends beyond traditional government contacts to facilitate exchanges in business, culture, science, technology, environment, and development. Working closely with civil society partners including business associations, unions, and human rights organizations, the Foreign Office addresses global challenges including regional conflicts, terrorism, weapons proliferation, and human rights violations. Germany participates actively in international bodies including the Council of Europe, UN Security Council, G7, and European Union.
The National Institute of Radio and Television of Peru (秘魯國家廣播電視總局), or IRTP, is a Peruvian state-owned company responsible for managing the state’s media across radio, television, and internet platforms. Established in 1974 during the Revolutionary Government of the Armed Forces as ENRAD Perú, the institution was reorganized in 1981 and renamed to its current form in 1997 under President Alberto Fujimori. Headquartered in Santa Beatriz, Lima, IRTP operates under the Ministry of Culture with administrative, economic, and financial autonomy. The institute manages TV Perú television network, an international channel, several digital terrestrial television signals, Radio Nacional del Perú, Radio Filarmonía, and other radio stations. IRTP oversees programming production and distribution across Peru, providing news, cultural, educational, and children’s content. The organization underwent significant restructuring in the early 2000s under President Valentín Paniagua to incorporate professionals without political ties.
The Federal Ministry of Information and National Orientation serves as Nigeria’s primary federal agency responsible for information dissemination and promoting democratic governance within the Federal Republic. The ministry operates under Nigeria’s current democratic government, which began in May 1999 when President Olusegun Obasanjo took office after 16 years of consecutive military rule. The organization’s mandate encompasses disseminating essential and vital information to enhance and facilitate democratic governance while also promoting Nigeria’s cultural heritage and tourism potential. Operating from Abuja, the ministry manages various agencies, including the National Archives of Nigeria and the Federal Government Press, and is headed by a minister appointed by the president. President Muhammadu Buhari, who served from May 2015 to May 2023, restructured various government ministries during his administration as part of Nigeria’s evolving governmental structure.
The Department of Communications and Digital Technologies leads South Africa’s digital transformation, creating an enabling environment for socioeconomic growth while upholding values of transparency, respect, accountability, fairness, integrity, excellence, responsiveness, and innovation. The chief directorate manages information systems through three key programs: Information Technology (providing technical support, system administration, security services, and disaster recovery), Information Management Systems (handling systems analysis, development standards, project coordination, and technology integration), and Records Management (delivering comprehensive records services across human resources, administration, content processing, and intergovernmental coordination functions).
The Ministry of Federal Education and Professional Training was created in July 2011 following Pakistan’s 18th Amendment. After the Supreme Court of Pakistan’s November 2011 judgment emphasizing federal responsibility for education under Article 25-A, it was renamed “Ministry of Education and Training” in July 2012. The ministry underwent further reorganizations, becoming “Ministry of Education, Training & Standards in Higher Education” in June 2013, and finally “Ministry of Federal Education and Professional Training” in June 2014. Its vision focuses on creating equitable educational opportunities aligned with demand-driven training to develop Pakistan into a prosperous nation. The ministry’s mission emphasizes creating conducive environments for education and technical/vocational training, supporting socio-economic development.
The Government of Senegal, operates as a presidential democratic republic established on November 25, 1958. Currently led by President Bassirou Diomaye Faye, the government consists of executive, legislative, and judicial branches, with its seat in Dakar. The president serves as both head of state and government, with a five-year term limit restored by a 2016 referendum. The unicameral National Assembly comprises 165 members serving five-year terms, with the Senate having been abolished in 2012. The highest judicial authorities include the Constitutional Council and the Court of Cassation. Administratively, Senegal is divided into 13 regions with locally appointed administrators responsible to the president. Internationally, Senegal maintains memberships in numerous organizations, including the African Union and the UN, and has historically participated in international peacekeeping efforts while serving as a regional mediator in conflicts such as the Darfur crisis.
The Ministry of Communication, Information Technologies, and Media of Burundi is the primary government body overseeing telecommunications, broadcasting, and digital development in the East African nation. The ministry supervises key state enterprises, including the National Telecommunications Office (ONATEL), the National Postal Authority, and the national broadcaster Radio Television Nationale du Burundi. The ministry sets policies and regulations for telecommunications and information technologies development, implementing Burundi’s National ICT Development Policy (2010-2025) to promote digital transformation.
