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Entity Type: Domestic Party or Government Institution

Spanish Ministry of Culture

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Spain’s Ministry of Culture is the governmental body responsible for promoting and safeguarding the nation’s cultural assets. Its responsibilities encompass the preservation of historical heritage, oversight of museums and archives, and support for the arts, literature, cinema, audiovisual media, and libraries. Created in May 1977 through Royal Decree 1558/1977 during Spain’s transition to democracy, the ministry is meant to advance Spanish-language culture on the world stage.​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​

Ministry of Culture and Information of the Republic of Kazakhstan

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The Ministry of Culture and Information of the Republic of Kazakhstan (哈薩克斯坦共和國文化與資訊部) is a central executive body of the Government of Kazakhstan responsible for state policy in the areas of culture, information, interethnic and interfaith harmony, religious affairs, youth and family policy, and what it describes as “modernization of public consciousness.” The ministry reached its current form on September 1, 2023, when President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev signed a decree restructuring the former Ministry of Culture and Sports, separating culture and information functions into the reconstituted ministry while spinning off sports and tourism into a separate body. The body traces its origins through a series of ministerial reorganizations dating to Kazakhstan’s independence in 1991, operating under various names. It is the sole owner of Khabar Agency (哈巴爾通訊社), Kazakhstan’s largest state broadcaster, and exercises oversight over state media policy and public information directives.

Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Malaysia

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The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Malaysia (馬來西亞外交部), also known as Wisma Putra (威士馬布特拉) after the complex in Putrajaya from which it operates, is the Malaysian government ministry responsible for the formulation, planning, and implementation of Malaysia’s foreign policy, and for managing bilateral, regional, and multilateral relations with foreign countries and international organizations. Its origins date to 1956, a year before Malaysian independence, when a pioneer batch of eleven career diplomats was sent to the United Kingdom and Australia for training. The ministry was initially established as the Ministry of External Affairs before being renamed the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 1966. It has operated from its current premises at No. 1, Jalan Wisma Putra, Precinct 2, Putrajaya since 17 September 2001. The ministry oversees a global network of over 110 diplomatic missions, including the Consulate General of Malaysia in Guangzhou.

Jilin Provincial People’s Government

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The Jilin Provincial People’s Government is the state administrative and executive organ of Jilin Province in northeastern China, headquartered in Changchun. Established in 1949 alongside the founding of the People’s Republic of China, it formally reports to the State Council in Beijing and to the Jilin Provincial People’s Congress, though in practice authority rests with the Jilin Provincial Committee of the Chinese Communist Party.

Ministry of Technology and Science Zambia

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The Ministry of Technology and Science (贊比亞科技部) is the Zambian government ministry responsible for formulating and implementing policies on technology, science, communications, and skills development. According to its official mandate, the ministry coordinates research to promote investment in science and technology, promotes advancement of knowledge and skills, and conducts science, technology, and innovation impact assessments, with the stated aim of accelerating Zambia’s transformation into a digital economy. It collaborates with industry and the private sector in developing relevant innovations and enforces standards, regulations, and licensing in its portfolio areas. The ministry was established in 2021 as part of the reorganization of government portfolios under President Hakainde Hichilema. It has been an active partner in Zambia’s AI governance engagement with China, including co-hosting the High-Level Meeting on International Cooperation on Capacity-Building of Artificial Intelligence (人工智能能力建設國際合作高級別會議) at the United Nations General Assembly in September 2024, at which Zambia was represented by the minister.

Ministry of Finance and National Planning

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The Ministry of Finance and National Planning (贊比亞財政和國家計劃部) is the Zambian government ministry responsible for the preparation of the national budget, economic management, resource mobilization, debt management, and public finance management. Its mandate is derived from the Minister of Finance (Incorporation) Act of the Laws of Zambia, originally enacted in 1958. The ministry is also responsible for national visioning, national development planning, appraisal of public investments, and coordination of development assistance programs.

National Economic Council

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The National Economic Council (Dewan Ekonomi Nasional), or DEN, is an Indonesian presidential advisory body mandated to provide strategic recommendations to the President on the formulation and implementation of national economic policy. The council was originally established on November 30, 1999 under President Abdurrahman Wahid but was disbanded within a year. It was re-established on October 20, 2024 by President Prabowo Subianto with institutional status equivalent to a ministry. According to the council’s official profile, its functions include providing strategic advice to the President on alignment of economic policies with national priorities, recommending measures for effective implementation of priority programs.

Government of Indonesia

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The Government of the Republic of Indonesia (Pemerintah Republik Indonesia) is the sovereign government of Indonesia, the world’s largest archipelagic state, declared independent on August 17, 1945. Indonesia operates as a unitary republic under the Constitution of 1945, as amended through 2002, with executive authority vested in a directly elected president serving a maximum of two five-year terms. The legislative branch comprises a bicameral People’s Consultative Assembly (MPR), consisting of the House of Representatives (DPR) and the Regional Representative Council (DPD). Press freedom and civil society organizations have faced increasing restrictions under successive administrations, with analysts warning of an accelerating erosion of democratic norms since 2024.

Government of Zambia

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The Government of the Republic of Zambia (贊比亞共和國政府) is the sovereign government of Zambia, a landlocked republic in southern Africa that gained independence from British colonial rule on October 24, 1964. According to the Commonwealth Local Government Forum, Zambia is a democratic republic with a unicameral parliament known as the National Assembly, with executive authority vested in a directly elected president serving a maximum of two five-year terms. In its 2024 country report, Human Rights Watch documented a pattern of increasing authoritarianism ahead of national elections scheduled for 2026, including restrictions on political opposition, interference with judicial independence, and public statements by the president that raised concerns about the government’s commitment to holding elections on schedule.