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Negocios Publicitarios Internacionales S.A.

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Negocios Publicitarios Internacionales S.A. (NEPISA) is a Nicaraguan joint-stock company that formally operates Canal 6 (第六頻道) on behalf of the Ortega government. Although Canal 6 is presented publicly as a state channel, a 2022 investigation by the independent outlet Confidencial found that NEPISA is controlled by two close associates of the presidential family: lawyer José María Enríquez Moncada and Eduardo Germán Morales Cuadra, both of whom appear across a broader network of companies linked to the Ortega-Murillo family. The Nicaraguan presidency has never publicly explained Canal 6’s relationship with NEPISA, though an executive decree has placed the channel under presidential responsibility since 2012. NEPISA is part of a wider pattern of ostensibly private companies used to manage state media assets within Nicaragua’s consolidated, family-controlled media system.

Government of Honduras

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The Republic of Honduras is a presidential representative democratic republic in which the president serves as both head of state and head of government, elected to a single four-year term by a simple majority. The unicameral National Congress (國家議會) holds 128 seats. Nasry Asfura of the conservative National Party was inaugurated on January 27, 2026, following a close election that was highly contested. A former mayor of Tegucigalpa with a background in the construction sector, Asfura signaled a rightward turn in foreign policy, pledging to restore diplomatic ties with Taiwan (Republic of China) and review the 16 agreements signed with China by his predecessor Xiomara Castro (希奧馬拉·卡斯特羅), who established relations with Beijing in March 2023, severing relations with Taiwan.

Canal 6

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Canal 6 (第六頻道) is a Nicaraguan state television channel based in Managua, and the flagship broadcaster of the Ortega government’s media apparatus. Founded in 1957 as a private channel owned by members of the Somoza family, it was nationalized following the 1979 Sandinista Revolution and integrated into the state-controlled Sistema Sandinista de Televisión. The channel subsequently went through a period of insolvency and was off the air for nearly a decade before being revived under President Daniel Ortega after his return to power in 2007. It is formally operated by Negocios Publicitarios Internacionales S.A. (NEPISA), a government-linked company. Canal 6 operates within a broader media landscape in which the Ortega-Murillo family controls the overwhelming majority of Nicaragua’s open-signal television channels.

BSC Happy TV

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Happy TV is a privately-owned Serbian television broadcaster established in 2010 through the merger of two television channels, operating on a national frequency. Happy TV’s programming focuses on entertainment, including reality shows, international content such as Indian soap operas and Latin telenovelas, and talk shows. Its news programming has been characterized by some sources as “mostly pro-government and nationalistic,” with frequent appearances by members of the populist Serbian Progressive Party. 

Government of Nicaragua

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The Government of Nicaragua (尼加拉瓜政府) is the national government of the Republic of Nicaragua, a Central American state of approximately seven million people. Since 2007, Nicaragua has been governed by President Daniel Ortega and his wife, Vice President Rosario Murillo, representing the Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN), which originated as a guerrilla group in 1961. The two have ruled as co-presidents since 2025. Under their joint administration, Nicaragua has experienced significant democratic backsliding, with independent media systematically dismantled and more than 50 outlets closed, leaving the country among the lowest in the region on press freedom indices. Nicaragua restored diplomatic relations with the People’s Republic of China in December 2021, severing ties with the Republic of China (Taiwan), and has since deepened cooperation across trade, infrastructure, and media.

National Directorate of Radio and Television

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The National Directorate of Radio and Television (洪都拉斯國家廣播電視局), or TNH, is the Honduran state broadcasting directorate operating under the Secretariat of Cultures, Arts and Heritage of the Peoples of Honduras (SECAPPH). Known in Spanish as the “Dirección Nacional de Radio y Televisión,” it directly operates Canal Ocho (第八頻道), Honduras’s state-owned television channel, and Radio Nacional de Honduras (洪都拉斯國家廣播電台). The directorate describes itself as the “official channel of the Government of the Republic of Honduras,” with its mandate explicitly tied to the sitting administration — designating the 2026–2030 period of President Nasry Asfura as of March 2026. TNH produces and broadcasts government programming across television, radio, and digital platforms including YouTube, Facebook, and TikTok.

Canal Ocho

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Canal Ocho (第八頻道), or “Channel Eight,” formally known as Televisión Nacional de Honduras (TNH), is Honduras’s state-owned national television network, based in Tegucigalpa and operated by the Honduran Ministry of Culture and Telecommunications (洪都拉斯文化與電信部). Founded on August 20, 2008, it is the country’s first state-owned television channel and broadcasts in high-definition. In 2017, the Japan International Cooperation Agency donated more than 700 programs from the Japanese broadcaster NHK to the channel. In March 2023, Canal Ocho aired a special program produced by CGTN marking the establishment of diplomatic relations between Honduras and the People’s Republic of China.

Secretariat of Cultures, Arts and Heritage of the Peoples of Honduras

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The Secretariat of Cultures, Arts and Heritage of the Peoples of Honduras (洪都拉斯文化藝術與人民遺產秘書處), known by its Spanish acronym SECAPPH, is the Honduran government body responsible for national cultural policy and oversight of state broadcasting. Established in 1975 as the Secretary of State for Culture, Tourism and Information, the ministry underwent several restructurings across successive governments before being reorganized under its current name by President Xiomara Castro in April 2022. SECAPPH exercises administrative authority over the Dirección Nacional de Radio y Televisión, or TNH, the entity that directly runs Canal Ocho (第八頻道), the state-owned national broadcaster in Honduras.

Government of El Salvador

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The Government of El Salvador (薩爾瓦多政府) is a representative democratic republic established in its modern form following the independence from Spain in 1821 and the subsequent dissolution of the United Provinces of Central America in 1841. The current constitutional framework, adopted in 1983 during the Salvadoran Civil War, provides for a presidential system with three independent branches. The country is currently led by President Nayib Bukele, who assumed office in 2019 and secured a controversial second term in 2024, after which the administration pushed to remove presidential term limits. Under this administration, the executive branch has significantly centralized power, often bypassing traditional legislative and judicial oversight through the use of an ongoing state of exception. In the realm of foreign policy, the government has transitioned from its 2018 diplomatic recognition of the People’s Republic of China into a deep strategic partnership characterized by ostensibly non-reimbursable cooperation for major infrastructure. To manage its public image and counter critical independent media, the state utilizes a sophisticated communications apparatus, including state-owned corporate shells to fund and operate outlets like Diario El Salvador. This media strategy is reinforced by 100 percent alignment with the PRC’s “shared future” narrative, frequently broadcasting official Chinese diplomatic content through government-controlled channels to frame bilateral ties as a model of successful South-South cooperation.