Prisa Group (Promotora de Informaciones, S.A.) is a Spanish media conglomerate founded in 1972. The group was initially established to support the launch of the newspaper El País. The group’s major brands include El País, the radio network Cadena SER, the music brand Los 40, the sports daily AS, and the educational publisher Santillana.
The China International Development Cooperation Agency, or CIDCA (國家國際發展合作署), is a deputy ministerial-level agency directly under China’s State Council, formally established on April 18, 2018. The agency was created by merging foreign aid responsibilities previously handled by the Ministry of Commerce with input from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, with the stated aim of strengthening strategic coordination of aid. CIDCA drafts aid strategy, sets budgets, approves projects, negotiates government-to-government aid agreements, and monitors implementation, though the on-ground execution of projects remains with the other ministries. The agency, for example, manages the South-South Cooperation Assistance Fund (南南合作援助基金), established in 2015 and upgraded in 2022 to the Global Development and South-South Cooperation Fund,, meant to finance development projects in developing countries.
Spanish Radio and Television Corporation (Corporacion de Radio y Television Espanola or RTVE) is Spain’s state-owned public broadcasting corporation, established in 1973 through a merger of Radio Nacional de España (RNE) and Televisión Española (TVE), with its current structure established in 2007. RTVE operates five domestic television channels — including the generalist La 1 and La 2, news channel 24 Horas, children’s channel Clan, and sports channel Teledeporte — alongside radio stations and the streaming platform RTVE Play. It also reaches international audiences through TVE Internacional in over 190 countries.
El Triangle is a Catalan-language weekly newspaper based in Barcelona, founded in January 1990. It describes itself as prioritizing “investigative journalism and analysis.” The weekly newspaper has both a print edition and a bilingual (Catalan and Spanish) website, with an active presence on social media platforms including X and Facebook. The publication displays the logo of the Generalitat de Catalunya’s Department of the Presidency — the Catalan regional government’s executive coordination body — as a supporter.
El Periódico de España is a daily publication launched on October 12, 2021. It covers politics, economics, international affairs, sports, and entertainment, and was conceived as an alternative to Madrid-centric national dailies, with the willingness to offer a more regionally diverse point of view. The publication features regional editions with local news from across Spain. Initially published in both print and digital formats, the newspaper ceased its print edition on March 28, 2024, and now operates exclusively as a digital outlet.
The Chinese Consulate General in Barcelona (中华人民共和国驻巴塞罗那总领事馆) is China’s only consulate in Spain, opened in Barcelona’s centrally located Sarrià-Sant Gervasi district. Its consular district covers the four provinces of the Catalonia autonomous community: Barcelona, Girona, Lleida, and Tarragona. Operating under the supervision of the Chinese Embassy in Madrid, the consulate provides visa and passport services, consular protection for Chinese nationals, and promotes economic, cultural, and educational ties between China and Catalonia. The Consulate has been actively engaged in outreach activities across Catalonia, including university visits and promotion of trade liberalization policies.
Hunan Broadcasting System (湖南廣播電視台) is a state-owned media conglomerate headquartered in Changsha, Hunan Province, operating under the Propaganda Office of the Hunan Provincial Committee of the Chinese Communist Party. It was established on June 28, 2010, through a restructuring of the former Hunan Radio, Film and Television Group. The group operates multiple television channels and radio frequencies, and its most prominent outlet, Hunan Television (湖南衛視), is widely regarded as China’s second-most-watched channel after CCTV-1. Its official streaming platform, Mango TV (芒果TV), was launched in 2006 and hosts original and licensed content. Among the group’s best-known productions was Happy Camp (快樂大本營), a long-running variety show that aired from 1997 until it ceased broadcasting in late 2021.
The Japan Business Federation, known as Keidanren, is a powerful corporate membership federation that is one of Japan’s three major economic organizations, formed in May 2002 through the merger of the Japan Federation of Economic Organizations (established 1946) and the Japan Federation of Employers’ Associations. According to its own description, as of 2025, the federation comprises 574 leading Japanese companies, 106 national industry associations, and regional economic organizations covering all 47 prefectures. The Federation is regarded as Japan’s most powerful business lobby, as it builds consensus among its members on policy issues — from taxation and energy to trade and labor — and channels those positions to the government through formal proposals and political engagement. Its current chairman as of April 2026 is Yoshinobu Tsutsui (筒井義信), former chairman of Nippon Life Insurance Co., who maintains a close relationship with China, regarding it as a vital economic market. In January 2026, Tsutsui stressed the need to “find an opportunity for dialogue at the economic level” amid tensions over Chinese export restrictions on dual-use items targeting Japan.
The Duan Press was founded in 1996 in Tokyo by Duan Yuezhong (段躍中), also known as “Yakuchū Dan,” who previously worked at China Youth Daily (中國青年報), the official newspaper of the Communist Youth League of China. Duan arrived in Japan in 1991 and later established the press, which describes itself as promoting “mutual understanding” between the peoples of China and Japan, language that is often used by publications close to the Party. It publishes China-themed books in Japanese, and since 2004 has released a book each year around August 15, the date Japan identifies as marking its WWII surrender. The volume compiles testimonies from Japanese soldiers who participated in the war against China. Since 2005, the press has also hosted a Japanese-language essay competition for Chinese students, for which it received an Ambassador’s Commendation from Japan’s Embassy in Beijing in 2023. Duan and the press have received consistently favorable coverage from Chinese state media outlets, including China Daily, Beijing Review, and the Global Times. Duan Yuezhong is also listed as a researcher with the Charhar Institute (察哈爾學會), which describes itself as China’s leading non-governmental think tank on public diplomacy and international relations — though its own promotional PDF from 2017 notes that the “institute completes one or two research tasks assigned by the United Front Work Department of the [CCP] Central Committee every year.” The bio for Duan at the Charhar Institute also lists him as an overseas adviser to the Qingdao Federation of Returned Overseas Chinese (青島市僑聯海外顧問) — a front organization under the CCP-run All-China Federation of Returned Overseas Chinese — and as an editorial board member of China News Service’s World Chinese Media Yearbook, published under the aegis of the World Chinese Media Cooperative Union, a front organization operated by the UFWD through China News Service.