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China–Africa Development Fund

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The China–Africa Development Fund (中非發展基金), or CAD Fund, was announced by Chinese Communist Party General Secretary Hu Jintao (胡錦濤) on November 4, 2006, as part of eight measures for Sino-African relations at the Beijing Forum on China-Africa Cooperation summit, and began operations on June 26, 2007. The fund is managed by China Development Bank (國家開發銀行),  a bank under the State Council, the PRC’s government. The CAD Fund makes equity investments in sectors including agriculture, infrastructure, manufacturing, industrial parks, and resource development throughout Africa, supporting Chinese corporate investment on the continent while asserting it will “strengthen Africa’s capacity to develop on its own and enhance Africa’s competitiveness.” Among its known investments is a 20 percent stake in South Africa’s Independent Media. 

Seoul National University

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Seoul National University (서울대학교) is South Korea’s flagship public research university located in Seoul. The university was established on August 27, 1946, by merging ten institutions of higher education around the Seoul area. The university comprises 16 colleges offering 83 undergraduate programs and serves nearly 17,000 undergraduate and 11,000 graduate students. While no formal framework for cooperation with China was found, Seoul National University maintains engagement with Chinese institutions through participation in bilateral forums. In October 2025, Professor Park Byeong-seug, visiting professor at the university’s Graduate School of International Studies, participated in the 2025 China-South Korea Media Cooperation Forum held in Seoul under the theme “China-South Korea Cooperation for an Intelligent Future.”

Union of Bulgarian Journalists

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The Union of Bulgarian Journalists (UBJ) is Bulgaria’s largest professional journalism organization, founded in 1904. The Union says it represents 4,500 members and advocates for professional standards, media freedom, and journalists’ labor rights. UBJ maintains partnerships with journalism associations from 51 countries, cooperating  with EU member states and non-EU member Balkan countries. The UBJ also conducts legislative advocacy, submitting proposals to Bulgaria’s National Assembly on media ownership transparency and journalist protections.

Studio Homegrown Productions

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Studio Homegrown Productions, a Solomon Islands media entity founded in 2004 by Karl Tokuro Vaekesa, initially operated as “Pink Moskito Net Production” before being renamed “Homegrown Productions” later that year and subsequently registered as Studio Homegrown Productions. Based in Naha 3, East Honiara, the company specializes in music videos, cultural content, and multimedia production services promoting “homegrown music, cultures, stories, and lifestyle of Solomon Islanders.” The studio maintains a significant digital presence with 80,000 Facebook followers and 40,000 YouTube subscribers. Vaekesa participated in Chinese government-sponsored media exchanges in 2025, visiting Beijing institutions including China Media Group Mobile and CCTV.com as part of the Belt and Road Initiative programming between China and Pacific nations.

UNICEF

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UNICEF, or United Nations Children’s Fund, is the United Nations agency responsible for providing humanitarian and developmental aid to children worldwide, working globally to uphold children’s rights and protect them from harm and discrimination. The organization has been present in China since 1979, collaborating with the government and local partners to promote policies that advance children’s rights and ensure that vulnerable children benefit from national development. UNICEF’s work in China encompasses child protection, health and development, education, and social policy, while also providing humanitarian assistance during emergencies. UNICEF’s media cooperation in China includes a 2025 MoU with The Paper (澎湃), an online outlet under Shanghai’s CCP.

The Paper

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The Paper (澎湃新聞) is a news platform operated by the CCP-run Shanghai United Media Group (上海報業集團) that launched on July 22, 2014. Media scholar and former Southern Weekly journalist Fang Kecheng has described the outlet as having “the face of commercial media, and the heart of Party media,” while David Bandurski, the director of the China Media Project, called it an experiment in producing propaganda content that can “attract” and “attach” to mobile audiences. Between 2018 and 2023, The Paper said it received over 400 domestic and international awards. The news platform covers current affairs, finance, and lifestyle content through a mobile-first app and website. It features sections including “Striking Tigers” (打虎記) for anticorruption coverage (generally focusing on small-time cases of malfeasance), and “Translating China” (譯中國), which aggregates foreign reporting on China. 

South

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“South” is a primary external propaganda brand of the South International Communication Center (南方國際傳播中心), or SICC, a state media organization under the Nanfang Media Group (南方報業傳媒集團), officially launched on July 3, 2025. “South” is a rebranding of its predecessor, “GDToday,” which was established in November 2023. The brand, which has a presence on most overseas social media platforms, is both a reference to Guangdong as a southern province, and an awkward acronym for “Service, Orientation, Unity, Tellers and Horizon,” in with “tellers” is a reference to Xi Jinping’s injunction to “tell China’s story well.”

Ente Nazionale ldrocarburi

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Eni S.p.A. ( Ente Nazionale Idrocarburi) is an Italian multinational energy company established on February 10, 1953. The company was founded under the leadership of Enrico Mattei, who served as its first chairman, to rebuild Italy’s energy policy and secure the country’s energy independence following World War II. Headquartered in Rome, Eni operates across oil and gas exploration and production, refining, marketing, and, increasingly, renewable energy. The Italian government maintains control through a 31.835% combined stake held by the Ministry of Economy and Finance and state-controlled Cassa Depositi e Prestiti.

Agenzia Giornalistica Italia

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Agenzia Giornalistica Italia (AGI) is an Italian news agency founded in July 1950 by journalist Giulio De Marzio and lawyer Walter Prosperetti. The agency has been controlled by Italian state energy company Eni since 1965. Based in Rome, AGI maintains 15 regional editorial offices across Italy and a foreign bureau in Brussels. The agency produces over 1,000 daily news bulletins covering politics, economics, international affairs, culture, and sports, and publishes in seven languages, including Italian, English, Chinese, Arabic, Spanish, Portuguese, and French. AGI was among Italian media outlets that established partnerships with Chinese state media in the 2010s.