On April 22, 2020, Chinese Ambassador to Sweden Gui Congyou (桂從友) published a signed article in the Stockholm-based daily Svenska Dagbladet responding to an opinion piece by politicians from Sweden’s Moderate Youth League critical of Beijing’s pandemic response. Gui accused them of “smearing and weakening China” (抹黑中國、削弱中國) and of prioritizing ideology over humanitarian cooperation. He also asserted that Chinese citizens enjoy full democratic freedoms and that China is committed to the rule of law and openness — standard Party talking points delivered through the combative style that made Gui one of Beijing’s most prominent wolf warriors.
On March 28, 2023, China’s official Xinhua News Agency signed a cooperation agreement in Tegucigalpa, Honduras, with the country’s Strategic Planning Secretariat (Secretaría de Planificación Estratégica), which oversaw government media functions under President Xiomara Castro. According to Xinhua, the two sides reached a “broad consensus” on media collaboration, with the agreement covering the exchange of Spanish-language converged media news products as well as technical and personnel exchanges. The signing came just two days after China and Honduras established diplomatic relations on March 26, when Chinese Foreign Minister Qin Gang (秦剛) and Honduran Foreign Minister Eduardo Reina signed a joint communiqué in Beijing. The day prior, on March 27, Xinhua’s bureau was officially inaugurated with Honduran government approval. In March 2023, Honduras ended its 82-year diplomatic relationship with Taiwan in favor of the People’s Republic of China, pivoting toward Beijing to secure more infrastructure funding and economic investment.
Established under Peru’s constitution, the Presidency of the Council of Ministers (Presidencia del Consejo de Ministros), or PCM, is an administrative body headed by Peru’s prime minister, who is officially the president of the Council of Ministers, the country’s cabinet. The body coordinates national policies, oversees public institutions and regulatory bodies. The council has engaged with China on media cooperation, including launching a Spanish-language programming series produced by the state-run China Media Group (CMG), under the Central Propaganda Department.
The Ministry of Culture of Peru (Ministerio de Cultura) is the government ministry in the country responsible for promoting national culture and identity. It was established on July 21, 2010, through Law 29565, during the second presidency of former Alan García, who served two non-consecutive terms — from 1985 to 1990 and from 2006 to 2011. The ministry oversees the preservation of national heritage, the arts, and cultural industries, as well as the protection of Peru’s diverse ethnic communities. The ministry signed a two-year MOU with China in 2024 for cooperation in media and the arts.
Andina, formerly known as the Agencia Peruana de Noticias Andina, is Peru’s official state-owned news agency. Founded on June 12, 1981, it operates under the state publishing group Editora Perú. The agency covers politics, economics, culture, sports, and technology, and reports that it distributes an average of close to 100 news dispatches daily to radio stations, national and regional newspapers, as well as to international wire services. Andina maintains a network of regional correspondents across Peru’s provinces. It also offers an English-language website.
The Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in Peru (中華人民共和國駐秘魯大使館) is China’s chief diplomatic mission in the country. The mission was established in February 1972, three months after the two countries established diplomatic relations on November 2, 1971. Peru was the third Latin American country to recognize the People’s Republic of China, after Cuba and Chile. The embassy serves as the primary channel for political, economic, and cultural relations between the two countries. The embassy drew attention during the 2021 ‘Vaccinagate’ scandal, in which 487 Peruvian officials and elites were secretly vaccinated with courtesy doses sent by Chinese vaccine manufacturer Sinopharm before the public rollout. Medical journal The Lancet reported that 1,200 of the 3,200 courtesy doses were delivered to the embassy, which did not respond to questions about the doses it received.
The Haixi MCN Cross-Strait Youth Base (海西MCN兩岸青年三創基地) is a livestream e-commerce incubator for Taiwanese youth, launched on November 16, 2022, in Xiamen’s Huli District, Fujian Province, a key cross-strait economic zone home to over 1,600 Taiwanese-funded enterprises. The base is operated by its parent company, Yijia (Xiamen) Consulting Management Co., Ltd. (譯迦（廈門）顧問管理有限公司). The facility provides early-stage entrepreneurs with shared workspace, training, mentorship, and operational support to help launch their businesses. It also operates as a Multi-Channel Network (MCN) — a type of agency central to China’s booming livestream shopping industry that manages influencers, connects them with brands, and handles content production and supply chains. MCNS, importantly, have also played a key strategic role for China in its external propaganda strategy. Haixi MCN offers residents access to more than 50 livestreaming rooms, digital marketing training on livestreaming platforms such as Douyin and Kuaishou, rent subsidies, and startup funding support. The base has held public e-commerce training courses, digital marketing bootcamps, and short-video entrepreneurship workshops in partnership with local government bodies and major platforms, training over 3,000 people. It also claims over 70 resident Taiwanese enterprises. In 2024, the base established a product showroom on Taiwan’s Kinmen Island, just six kilometers off the coast of China’s Fujian province, aiming to bring Chinese e-commerce and livestreaming business models to the island. According to an April 2024 report from People’s Daily Online, the MCN initiative is a state-guided project managed by the Huli District Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Macao Affairs Office (湖里區委台港澳辦) and the Huli District Committee Organization Department (湖里區委組織部) alongside the local United Front Work Department (湖里區委統戰部), whose role, according to the report, is to facilitate “national conditions” (國情) training — a reference to ideological and patriotic education — through economic and digital media incentives.
The Strategic Planning Secretariat (Secretaría de Planificación Estratégica) was established in Honduras in April 2022 under Executive Decree PCM-05-2022. The Secretariat leads Honduras’s national planning system for social and economic development, coordinating public policy and territorial planning across government institutions. The secretariat has played a role in bilateral media-related cooperation with China, signing an MOU in 2023 with the state-run Xinhua News Agency.
Editora Perú is a state-owned Peruvian publishing enterprise established on February 12, 1976, under Decree Law No. 21420, and reconstituted as a private-law state corporation on June 12, 1981. The company is responsible for the dissemination of legal and official information, news processing and distribution, and publishing activities linked to education and culture. It operates the official gazette El Peruano; the state news agency Andina; and SEGRAF, a printing services unit producing books, magazines, legal texts, and other graphic materials.
