Nepal Television is Nepal’s state-owned national broadcaster, established in January 1985 as the country’s first television network. The broadcaster operates five channels and produces news, documentaries, entertainment programs, and educational content, serving audiences nationwide across terrestrial, satellite, cable, and digital platforms. In December 2024, Nepal Television signed a memorandum of understanding with China Media Group (CMG) on communication technology during Prime Minister K.P. Sharma Oli’s official visit to China.
The Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in Spain is China’s chief diplomatic mission in the country. The mission was established in March 1973, following the normalization of diplomatic relations between the People’s Republic of China and Spain. The embassy serves as the primary channel for political, economic, and cultural relations between China and Spain, and also represents China’s interests in Andorra. The embassy faced international scrutiny in September 2022 when human rights organization Safeguard Defenders alleged the existence of nine secret Chinese police stations operating in Spain, the second-highest number in any European country after Italy, according to the organization. The stations, ostensibly providing administrative services to Chinese nationals, were allegedly used to coerce Chinese dissidents and criminal suspects into returning to China through intimidation tactics.
The Rastriya Samachar Samiti (RSS) is Nepal’s state-controlled news agency, founded on February 18, 1962, through the merger of two privately owned news agencies, Nepal Sambad Committee and Sagarmata Sambad Committee. The agency provides national and international news, feature stories, photo services, audio-visual content, and opinion columns to subscribers, including newspapers, television, radio, and online media. RSS has news exchange agreements with international agencies, including AP, AFP, and Xinhua News Agency. Operating as a wholly government-owned enterprise under the Ministry of Communication and Information Technology, RSS is the primary wire service for distributing news to domestic audiences, both in Nepali and English.
El Periódico de España was launched on October 12, 2021, as a nationwide Spanish media outlet under Prensa Ibérica Media, SL. The publication covers politics, economics, international affairs, sports, and entertainment, with regional editions featuring local news from different areas across Spain. Initially published in both print and digital formats, the publication ceased physical circulation on March 28, 2024, and focused exclusively on its digital edition.
The China-Nepal Media Friendship Association (中尼媒體友好協會) is a media organization formed on August 3, 2017, by professionals from Nepal’s state-owned Rastriya Samachar Samiti News Agency and Nepal Television. China News Service says the association was registered with Nepal’s government on July 24, 2017, with a stated aim to “strengthen bilateral media exchanges.” Its inaugural ceremony, attended by Chinese Ambassador Yu Hong (于紅) and Nepal’s Information Minister Mohan Bahadur Basnet, coincided with the 62nd anniversary of Nepal-China diplomatic relations and came after Nepal signed a Belt and Road Initiative cooperation agreement with China. Chinese state media identified Mr Dhurba (杜鲁巴) as the association’s president and reported that just weeks after its establishment, the association organized flood relief in Nepal’s Chitwan district on August 21, 2017, reportedly becoming the “first foreign civil group” to enter the disaster area, according to Chinese state media. In December 2018, it hosted a delegation from the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, led by Vice Dean Han Hong (韓洪), with Chinese media describing it as an “influential civil organization” operating through a Chengdu office. The association operates through a Chengdu office but appears to have no public website.
Chinese Ambassador Tong Defa (童德發) attended a year-end media reception hosted by the Ghana–China Friendship Association (加納—中國友好協會) on December 10, 2025, according to an embassy notice. The event hosted approximately 40 participants, including Association Chairman Ambassador Anani-Isaac (戴安大使), friendship figures (友好人士) referring to non-governmental individuals who support Beijing’s interests, and local media representatives. Tong utilized the platform to signal messaging from the CCP’s Fourth Plenum (四中全會) and China’s zero-tariff measures toward Ghana, while noting outcomes from President Mahama’s (馬哈馬總統) recent visit to China. Speakers praised the “traditional friendship” (傳統友誼) between the nations—”friendship” in CCP official discourse generally entails the accommodating of China’s interests in relationships. Both sides emphasized sustaining bilateral cooperation and strategic media engagement moving forward.
The Ghana–China Friendship Association (加納—中國友好協會), or GHACHIFA, was incorporated on October 8, 1999, to facilitate non-state cooperation between Accra and Beijing — though its digital presence suggests an ad hoc operation. The association’s official website is registered to the police commissioner in the city of Tema, in the region of Greater Accra, and retains default “Consulting WP” WordPress theme filler on its “About” section. GHACHIFA’s founding directors include former Ambassador to China H.E. Kojo Amoo-Gottfried, Chinese business executive Jun Tak Hu, and Messrs. John Emmanuel Kwamina Moses, William Yiji Chobblah, and Nana Akua Busia — the latter four of whom seem to appear online only in the context of the association itself. The association serves as a platform for cultural and media engagements that align with Chinese diplomatic objectives. GHACHIFA promotes “friendship” (友好), a term that in CCP official discourse generally entails the accommodating of China’s interests in relationships. By hosting events for embassy officials and local stakeholders, the organization helps integrate Beijing’s strategic narratives, such as Belt and Road initiatives, into Ghanaian civil society and media circles. The Tema police commissioner associated with the GHACHIFA website registration, Christian Tetteh Yohuno, met with China’s ambassador to China in July 2025 to discuss joint police operations to safeguard “the safety and interests of Chinese citizens and enterprises.” Under the Belt and Road Initiative, China has invested in the expansion of the Tema Port, and Chinese tech companies such as Huawei, Tecno Mobile and StarTimes (a Chinese-run broadcast media company) have set up in the area.
The Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in the Republic of Ghana (中華人民共和國駐加納共和國大使館) is the primary diplomatic mission representing Beijing’s interests in Accra. Following the establishment of diplomatic relations in 1960 and their restoration in 1972, the embassy has overseen the elevation of bilateral ties to a “Strategic Partnership” as of 2024. The mission actively coordinates with local groups like the Ghana–China Friendship Association (加納—中國友好協會) to promote “friendship” (友好)—a term in CCP official discourse that generally entails the accommodating of China’s interests in relationships. The embassy’s economic and commercial office manages significant infrastructure and energy projects—such as the Bui Hydroelectric Power Station and the $2 billion Sinohydro bauxite-for-infrastructure deal—ensuring that local development aligns with Beijing’s broader strategic objectives in West Africa.
MyJoyOnline is the flagship digital platform of Ghana’s Multimedia Group and one of the country’s most visited indigenous news websites. Launched as part of the company’s digital expansion, the site delivers breaking news, political coverage, business reporting, and entertainment content in English. MyJoyOnline extends the reach of the group’s radio brands, particularly Joy FM, providing multimedia content including text, audio, and video to audiences across Ghana and the diaspora. The platform serves as a leading source for Ghanaian news and current affairs, offering comprehensive coverage of national and regional developments. MyJoyOnline has taken part in media events with the Chinese Embassy in Ghana.
