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Entity Type: Domestic Non-Chinese Language Media

Les Échos

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Les Échos was founded in 1908 by brothers Émile and Robert Servan-Schreiber, initially named Les Échos de l’Exportation to promote their family’s hardware export business. The newspaper covers French and international economic and financial news, stock market analysis, and trends in high-tech development, with sections including “Ideas” and “Debates” that provide platforms for commentary and discussion. It began as a monthly publication, was renamed Les Échos in 1928, becoming a daily newspaper. The family-led luxury products group LVMH Group currently owns the paper, which maintains both print and digital editions. 

Agence France-Presse

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Agence France-Presse (AFP) is a global news agency providing fast, comprehensive and verified coverage of world events and daily life issues. Drawing from a newsgathering network across 150 countries, AFP has developed a strong digital verification operation. With 2,600 staff representing 100 nationalities, the agency covers news in six languages through multimedia storytelling spanning video, text, photos and graphics. As one of three major international news agencies (after Reuters and the Associated Press) and the only European one, AFP serves media outlets, digital platforms, companies and institutions worldwide and has won numerous awards throughout its history.

Kompas

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Kompas, Indonesia’s largest national daily newspaper, provides comprehensive coverage of politics, economics, society, and culture. The newspaper was founded on June 28, 1965, by journalists P.K. Ojong and Jakob Oetama following a suggestion by General Ahmad Yani, a government official, to Frans Seda, a Catholic minister in President Sukarno’s cabinet, to establish a media outlet that would balance media linked to the Communist Party and other political groups. The publication faced a two-week ban in January 1978 during Indonesia’s New Order era — the authoritarian regime under President Suharto from 1966 to 1998 — for coverage deemed too critical of government policies. Kompas pioneered digital journalism in Indonesia and launched Kompas.id in 2017 as a subscription-based platform.

Sinar Harian

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Sinar Harian (Daily Light) is a Malay-language newspaper launched on July 31, 2006.The publication covers national and local news, politics, crime, economy, sports, and entertainment, serving Malay-speaking audiences across Malaysia. Sinar Harian operates both print and digital editions, providing news coverage and feature stories that address issues relevant to Malaysian communities. The paper is part of the Karangkraf Group’s broader media portfolio, which includes magazines and digital platforms for  Malaysian readers.

Canal 4

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Canal 4 (烏拉圭第四頻道) is a commercial television station based in Montevideo, Uruguay, established on April 23, 1961 by María Elvira Salvo and her son Hugo. Owned by Grupo Monte Carlo, it is Uruguay’s second-oldest television channel, operating terrestrial broadcast and a subscription-based international streaming service launched in 2020. The station broadcasts news programming, international series, and sports content, and has expanded its reach through regional channels across Uruguay. Producer Matías Garre participated in China Media Group’s December 2025 Silk Road Television Community Summit in Yangjiang, marking the station’s engagement with Chinese state media initiatives targeting Latin American broadcasters for content partnerships and international cooperation frameworks.

Deutsche Welle

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Deutsche Welle (DW) is a German international broadcaster founded in 1953 and operating as a public service media organization with headquarters in Bonn and Berlin. DW provides content in more than 30 languages, covering topics including democracy, human rights, press freedom, and cultural exchange. Through DW Akademie, its educational arm, the organization provides journalism training and media development programs globally, as well as research on media sustainability, supporting press freedom and freedom of expression worldwide. DW operates under Germany’s Deutsche Welle Act, which ensures editorial independence from state control despite public funding. 

NDR

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NDR (Norddeutscher Rundfunk) is a German public radio and television broadcaster headquartered in Hamburg, established on January 1, 1956. NDR creates Germany’s most-watched national news program Tagesschau and operates multiple radio stations, including NDR 2, a popular music station; NDR Kultur, an arts and culture station that plays classical music; and N-Joy, a music station, as well as the regional television channel NDR Fernsehen. The broadcaster employs approximately 3,400 permanent staff and is funded through mandatory German household broadcasting fees. 

The Star

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The Star (星報) is a Malaysian English-language newspaper founded in September 1971 as a regional newspaper in the city of George Town, in the northwest Malaysian state of Penang. The Malaysian Chinese Association (馬來西亞華人公會), a right-wing political party, holds a controlling stake of the newspaper. The Star maintains its position as one of Malaysia’s largest-circulating English-language newspapers, with over 250,000 daily print copies and more than 1 million digital readers, covering politics, business, current affairs, lifestyle, entertainment, and sports — though print publications generally in the country face rising challenges from new digital platforms. The newspaper has claimed that it pioneered online news in Malaysia by launching The Star Online on June 23, 1995, as the country’s first news website. 

Silk Road News

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Launched on October 1, 2019, the Chinese Silk Road News Network presents itself as an independent media platform dedicated to promoting Sino-Arab relations and the Belt and Road Initiative. While claiming to be a “neutral” news outlet, the network appears to be a carefully crafted propaganda tool designed to advance Chinese soft power in the Arab world. Founded by Abdel Kader Khalil, a former head of an international Arab journalists’ union, the network purports to bridge cultural gaps between China and Arab countries. However, its stated mission of “revealing the true image of China to the world” suggests a clear agenda of image management rather than objective reporting. The network provides a platform for Chinese writers and China-friendly Arab journalists to publish content that overwhelmingly portrays China’s international initiatives in a positive light, raising serious questions about its editorial independence and actual journalistic integrity. While there is no evidence that the outlet is operated or influenced directly by PRC entities, content from official state media, including Xinhua News Agency and CGTN, is prevalent.