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Entity Type: Domestic Party or Government Institution

ANO TV-Novosti

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ANO TV-Novosti is the parent company of RT (formerly Russia Today), registered as an “autonomous non-profit organization” on 6 April 2005 in Moscow with registration number 1057746595367. The organization was founded by the Russian state news agency RIA Novosti and operates from 111020 Moscow, Borovaya Street 3, Building 1. ANO TV-Novosti has been sanctioned by multiple jurisdictions including the European Union, United Kingdom, Switzerland, Ukraine, and Australia for its role in spreading propaganda. According to EU sanctions documentation, TV-Novosti is “funded from the federal budget of the Russian Federation” and has “consistently spread pro-Kremlin propaganda and disinformation, and supported Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine.” The sanctions restrict its media operations internationally, with the EU Council imposing a ban on RT‘s broadcasting activities in March 2022. Despite these restrictions, research organizations have documented that RT continues to circumvent sanctions through mirror websites and alternative domains.

Secretariat of Media and Public Communication

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Argentina’s Federal System of Public Media and Content (Sistema Federal de Medios y Contenidos Públicos) was created on December 10, 2015, through Decree 12/2015 under President Mauricio Macri. Initially headed by Hernán Lombardi, the system oversees Argentina’s public media ecosystem, including Télam news agency, public television and radio networks, digital channels, and cultural centers. In 2018, it was downgraded from ministerial status to secretariat level. Following President Javier Milei’s inauguration in December 2023, the secretariat was transferred to the Communication and Press Secretariat of the Presidency through Decree 45/2023. The entity manages platforms including TV Pública, Radio Nacional, and the Centro Cultural Kirchner.

Thailand TV5

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Thailand TV5, officially the Royal Thai Army Radio and Television Station, is Thailand’s second-oldest television station, launched in January 1958 by the Royal Thai Army. Owned and operated by the Royal Thai Army, the network is headquartered at 210 Phaholyothin Road in Phaya Thai District, Bangkok. Originally known as HSA-TV Channel 7, the station transitioned to color broadcasting and adopted the Channel 5 name in 1974. Academic research notes that Thailand’s “Army Signal Corps and MCOT operate Channels 5 and 9” within the country’s military-controlled broadcasting structure. Channel 5 ceased analog broadcasting in 2018 as part of Thailand’s digital television transition. The station broadcasts news, military affairs programming, documentaries, drama series, and variety shows to audiences nationwide.

South African Government

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The South African Government, established in 1968, operates as a parliamentary republic with a three-tier system and independent judiciary. The national government consists of three branches: the legislative (Parliament with National Assembly and National Council of Provinces based in Cape Town), the executive (President, Deputy President and 32 Ministers based in Pretoria), and the judicial (Constitutional Court, Supreme Court of Appeal, and High Court). The second tier comprises nine provincial governments, each with legislatures and executives led by Premiers. The third tier consists of local governments organized as metropolitan, district, and local municipalities. All levels operate under the Constitution through a cooperative governance model, with each having distinct yet interdependent powers, operating with an annual budget of R2.37 trillion (2024).

Nauru Media Bureau

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The Nauru Media Bureau functions as the island nation’s public broadcaster and media regulator, operating under the state-owned Nauru Broadcasting Service. The bureau was established in 1998 through the merger of television and radio services, evolving from Nauru Television, which was first established in 1991. The organization provides essential broadcasting services for Nauru’s approximately 12,000 residents across its 21-square-kilometer territory. The bureau houses Nauru Television (broadcasting 24 hours daily), Radio Nauru, and publishes the monthly newspaper Mwinen Ko (roughly translated as “Let’s Talk about It”), which was introduced in 2009. Following Nauru’s resumption of diplomatic relations with China in January 2024, China Media Group (中央廣播電視總台), has opened a Bureau in the country and conducted interviews with Nauruan officials as part of expanded bilateral cooperation.

Government of Malaysia

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The Government of Malaysia, officially the Federal Government of Malaysia (Kerajaan Persekutuan Malaysia), operates as a constitutional monarchy under the Westminster parliamentary system. Established in 1963, it functions through three branches: the executive led by Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim, the bicameral Parliament consisting of the House of Representatives (Dewan Rakyat) and Senate (Dewan Negara), and an independent judiciary headed by the Federal Court. While the Yang di-Pertuan Agong (King) serves as the ceremonial head of state, effective executive power resides with the Cabinet. Based primarily in Putrajaya (with Parliament located in Kuala Lumpur), the federal government administers national affairs while respecting the autonomy of Malaysia’s 13 states and three federal territories. Each state maintains its own government with executive councils led by Chief Ministers or Menteri Besar, creating a federated system unified under the supreme Federal Constitution.

National Сouncil of Television and Radio Broadcasting of Ukraine

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The National Council of Television and Radio Broadcasting of Ukraine is a constitutional, permanently operating regulatory authority that supervises Ukraine’s television and radio broadcasting sector. The Council operates under the framework established by Ukraine’s Law on Television and Radio Broadcasting of December 21, 1993. The Council consists of eight members—four appointed by the Parliament (Verkhovna Rada) and four by the President—serving five-year terms. Its responsibilities include broadcasting licensing, monitoring compliance with Ukrainian media legislation, managing radio frequency resources, and implementing public policy in the television and radio information sphere. Following the 2014 conflict, the Council has actively regulated both domestic and foreign media content, particularly ordering measures against Russian channels “accused of broadcasting misleading information about Ukraine” in March 2014. The Council has also overseen Ukraine’s transition to digital broadcasting and public television reforms, including the establishment of the Public Broadcasting Company of Ukraine in 2017.

Ministry of Information and Broadcasting Bangladesh

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The Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, established on December 16, 1971, is Bangladesh’s government agency responsible for formulating and administering rules and regulations related to information, broadcasting, press, and films. Based at the Bangladesh Secretariat in Dhaka, the ministry oversees 14 agencies including Bangladesh Television, Bangladesh Betar (radio), and the Film Certification Board. The ministry serves as the apex body for releasing government information and media content to public and international audiences. It operates through three main sectors: information, broadcasting, and films.

Government of India

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The Government of India, established in its current form on January 26, 1950, is the national authority of the Republic of India. Led by President Droupadi Murmu (de jure) and Prime Minister Narendra Modi (de facto), it comprises 54 ministries and 93 subordinate departments. The government has three primary branches: legislative (bicameral Parliament), executive (Union Council of Ministers), and judiciary (Supreme Court of India). Modeled after the Westminster system, it functions as a parliamentary democracy where the Council of Ministers is responsible to the Lok Sabha (lower house). The government operates under the Constitution of India, which replaced the colonial Government of India Act when India became a republic, transitioning from its previous status as a dominion of the Commonwealth.