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Rossiyskaya Gazeta

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Rossiyskaya Gazeta (Российская газета) was established on November 11, 1990, by the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR during the glasnost reforms, shortly before the Soviet Union’s dissolution. The newspaper serves as the official publication of the Russian Federation’s government, replacing Izvestia and Sovetskaya Rossiya after their privatization. Its role is legally mandated by Federal Law N 5-FZ from June 14, 1994, which designates it as the official venue for publishing federal laws, presidential decrees, and government acts. The publication has drawn international criticism, including controversy over its 2007 coverage of the Katyn massacre, where columnist Alexander Sabov questioned Soviet responsibility for the killings. In May 2024, the European Union suspended the newspaper’s broadcasting activities across the EU, citing its role in “supporting Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine” and spreading propaganda. The Council of the European Union stated that Rossiyskaya Gazeta operates “under the permanent direct or indirect control of the leadership of the Russian Federation” and plays an instrumental role in Russia’s information manipulation campaigns.

Jornal de Notícias

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Jornal de Notícias was founded in Porto on June 21, 1888, making it one of Portugal’s oldest newspapers. The daily publication covers national and international news with significant emphasis on reporting from northern Portugal while maintaining nationwide reach. The newspaper launched its online edition in 1995, making it one of the first Portuguese newspapers to establish a digital presence. In July 2024, the newspaper joined the Global Media Group.

Rádio e Televisão de Portugal (RTP)

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Rádio e Televisão de Portugal (RTP) is Portugal’s public service broadcaster, operating four nationwide television channels and three nationwide radio stations. The company has been operating in its current form since 2007, when Radiodifusão Portuguesa, the public service radio broadcaster, and Radiotelevisão Portuguesa, the public service television broadcaster, were merged. RTP’s radio operations trace back to 1935, while television transmissions began on March 7, 1957. RTP operates under an Independent General Council governance structure designed to ensure freedom from government control, and maintains regional centers throughout Portugal alongside international channels serving Portuguese diaspora communities.

Diário de Notícias

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Diário de Notícias, established on December 29, 1864, is a daily newspaper published in Lisbon, covering politics, business, culture, and general news. Before the Carnation Revolution in 1974, which ended decades of dictatorship, the newspaper was owned by Portugal’s authoritarian Estado Novo government. The paper is now owned by the Portuguese media conglomerate Global Media Group.  

BFM Business

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BFM Business (originally Business FM) is a French business news radio station created in 1992 and based in Paris, focusing exclusively on economic and financial information. The station expanded into television with BFM TV launched on November 28, 2005, and has been part of the RMC BFM media group, owned by CMA CGM, since 2024.

Global Media Group

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Global Media Group, formerly known as Controlinveste Media and Lusomundo Media, is a Portuguese media conglomerate headquartered in Lisbon, founded in July 2014. The company owns two of Portugal’s oldest newspapers: Diário de Notícias and Jornal de Notícias, as well as the sports daily O Jogo, and the TSF radio station. In recent years, the group has faced financial difficulties, with losses reaching €7 million in 2023. Global Media Group is one of Portugal’s major media conglomerates, controlling significant print and broadcast assets nationwide.

OKTO

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OKTO is a community television station based in Vienna, Austria, that has operated since autumn 2005, allowing the public to create and broadcast their own content using free production facilities and airtime. The non-profit station is financed by the Austrian Regulatory Authority for Broadcasting and Telecommunications (RTR). 

Milano Pavia TV

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Milano Pavia TV is an Italian local television broadcaster serving the northern Province of Pavia and the Milan metropolitan area. Originally launched as telePAVIA in February 2010, the station focused on local news, sports, culture, and events across Pavia Province. In February 2019, the broadcaster rebranded as Milano Pavia TV to expand its coverage to include Milan city and the southern Milan area. The station operates two daily news editions covering both territories and positions itself as an independent, non-partisan source of local information. 

LIMEX

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LIMEX is a Cyprus-based streaming platform opened in February 2020. The platform provides live television channels from multiple countries across web platforms, offering content in over eight languages, including English, Portuguese, Spanish, German, and Arabic. LIMEX claims over 100 million downloads worldwide with presence in Nigeria, Brazil, Turkey, Germany, and Egypt. The company operates through official distribution agreements with broadcasters and content owners on a revenue-sharing model for advertising inventory, marketing regional variations of its service under different brand names, including World TV, Brasil TV, and US TV, while carrying channels such as Al Jazeera and Taiwan’s CNA on its platform.