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Entity Type: Domestic Non-Chinese Language Media

Merdeka

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Merdeka.com is an Indonesian news website founded in 2012 by Indonesian-born entrepreneur Steve Christian. According to its company profile, the platform was created through “collaboration between technology developers and journalists,” with the aim of delivering news content that is both accurate and accessible to Indonesian audiences. The website covers a range of topics, including national and international news, politics, business, entertainment, and lifestyle, for readers across Indonesia. “Merdeka” is the Malay word for “independence.

TG5

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TG5 or TeleGiornale 5 is the flagship news program of Italy’s Canale 5, broadcasting from Rome as part of the Mediaset network. The program launched on January 13, 1992, under founding director Enrico Mentana, who created the newscast alongside journalists including Lamberto Sposini, Clemente J. Mimun, Emilio Carelli, Cesara Buonamici, and Cristina Parodi. The program evolved from earlier regional news coverage, including Video 5 (1980) and Canale 5 News (1983). Currently headed by editor-in-chief Clemente Mimun since July 2007, TG5 features multiple daily broadcasts starting with “TG5 Prima Pagina” at 6:00 AM, followed by editions throughout the day, including morning, midday, evening, and late-night broadcasts. The format typically employs single newsreaders with live correspondent reports and specialized presenters for financial segments.

Studio Homegrown Productions

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Studio Homegrown Productions, a Solomon Islands media entity founded in 2004 by Karl Tokuro Vaekesa, initially operated as “Pink Moskito Net Production” before being renamed “Homegrown Productions” later that year and subsequently registered as Studio Homegrown Productions. Based in Naha 3, East Honiara, the company specializes in music videos, cultural content, and multimedia production services promoting “homegrown music, cultures, stories, and lifestyle of Solomon Islanders.” The studio maintains a significant digital presence with 80,000 Facebook followers and 40,000 YouTube subscribers. Vaekesa participated in Chinese government-sponsored media exchanges in 2025, visiting Beijing institutions including China Media Group Mobile and CCTV.com as part of the Belt and Road Initiative programming between China and Pacific nations.

Il Sole 24 Ore

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Il Sole 24 Ore is Italy’s leading financial newspaper, created on November 9, 1965, through the merger of Il Sole, founded in 1865, and 24 Ore, launched in 1946. The newspaper is owned by Confindustria, Italy’s employers’ federation, and is headquartered in Milan. Il Sole 24 Ore covers business, politics, commercial law, and financial markets, and operates as part of the broader 24 ORE Group. In 2019, Italy’s securities regulator Consob fined the newspaper’s management 1.05 million euros for inflating digital circulation figures.

Italia News Online

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Italia News Online is a digital magazine focused on public administration and business news in Italy. The publication targets professionals and entrepreneurs with daily updates on topics relevant to their work. Beyond its website and social media channels, Italia News Online distributes a weekly newsletter and a print magazine at public administration events. The platform describes itself as connecting businesses with government opportunities and providing insights for managers in both sectors.

Postimees

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Postimees is Estonia’s oldest daily newspaper and the direct successor of Pärnu Postimees, founded in 1857. During Soviet occupation, the paper was published under the name Edasi (The Forward), but regained its original name in 1990 before Estonia’s full independence. The newspaper launched a Russian-language edition in 2005, which became online-only in 2016 and resumed as a weekly in March 2022. Postimees experienced significant upheaval in 2019, with two editors-in-chief appointed within months and over 30 journalists departing amid censorship scandals, as the paper shifted toward a more conservative editorial stance. 

Forum des As

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Forum des As is a privately owned French-language daily newspaper based in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo, that began publishing in 1991. The newspaper covers politics, culture, society, and sports, operating within a challenging media environment where Reporters Without Borders notes that only about 15 of the country’s 500 newspapers publish regularly, and journalists face “arrests, attacks, threats, forced disappearances, executions.”

Tunis Afrique Presse

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Tunis Afrique Presse (TAP) is the national press agency of Tunisia, founded on January 1, 1961, as a public service provider and the country’s first official news outlet. The agency produces content in Arabic, French, and English, covering national and international news across political, economic, social, cultural, and sports domains. Operating with a network of journalists, reporters, photographers, and correspondents across Tunisia, TAP also maintains cooperation agreements with Arab and international press agencies.

Kumparan

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Kumparan is a digital news platform that launched in January 2017, founded by media executive Hugo Diba. The Jakarta-based platform combines traditional journalism covering politics, economy, and business with social media features, including user feeds, allowing ordinary users to create and publish content alongside professional journalists, and personalized content recommendations. According to Chief Marketing Officer Andrias Ekoyuono, Kumparan aims to “redefine Indonesian media” as the country’s first hybrid online news site. The platform received funding from GDP Venture, the investment arm of Djarum Group, a major Indonesian conglomerate founded by the Hartono family in July 2017, before it acquired majority control in 2024.