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Montenegro
The Ministry of Culture and Media of Montenegro is responsible for shaping and implementing national policies in culture, heritage protection, creative industries, and the media sector. Its mandate includes preserving and promoting Montenegro’s cultural heritage, supporting artistic creation, strengthening media freedom and professionalism, and advancing cultural industries. Through directorates for artistic creation, cultural heritage, media, and creative industries, the ministry funds projects, safeguards traditions, and fosters innovation. It also leads international cultural cooperation and actively include…
Malaysia
The Star (星報) is a Malaysian English-language newspaper founded in September 1971 as a regional newspaper in the city of George Town, in the northwest Malaysian state of Penang. The Malaysian Chinese Association (馬來西亞華人公會), a right-wing political party, holds a controlling stake of the newspaper. The Star maintains its position as one of Malaysia's largest-circulating English-language newspapers, with over 250,000 daily print copies and more than 1 million digital rea…
Malaysia
The Malay Mail is a Malaysian news outlet founded in 1896, making it the country's oldest English-language newspaper. After ceasing its print operations in 2018, it now operates as a digital-first publication covering politics, lifestyle, business, and technology. That same year, it launched Cincai News (精彩大馬), a Chinese-language sister news portal. While the publication was originally created for professionals and the business community to read th…
Germany
The Embassy of the People's Republic of China in Germany is China's chief diplomatic mission to Germany. The mission was established on October 11, 1972, following the normalization of diplomatic relations between the People's Republic of China and the Federal Republic of Germany. The embassy issued a sharp rebuke to the German authorities in April 2024 after three German nationals were arrested on suspicion of spying for China on the embassy’s behalf, and transferring information on technology wi…
Senegal
The Senegalese News Agency, or APS, serves as Senegal's official state news agency, established by government order in 1959. 59-054 as a public establishment with industrial and commercial character. The agency changed status to a "national company" in 2019. Currently led by Director General Momar Diong (莫馬爾·迪翁), who was appointed in October 2024, replacing former director Thierno Ahmadou Sy. APS operates from its headquarters a…
Italy
Adnkronos is an Italian multimedia news agency founded in July 1963 through the merger of two earlier agencies, Kronos and ADN. Headquartered in Rome, it has been directed by Giuseppe Marra since 1981, when he became editor-in-chief, later acquiring 98 percent ownership by 1990. The agency has expanded significantly, establishing specialized divisions including Adnkronos Salute for health news in 1995 and Labitalia for labor issues in 2001. In 2003, it launched AKI-Adnkronos International, a multilingual service broadcasting in English and Arabic. The agency has partnered with various international outlets, including a 2019 coo…
Macau
The Government of the Macau Special Administrative Region (澳門特別行政區政府) is the executive authority of Macau, established on December 20, 1999, following the transfer of sovereignty from Portugal to China. Under the Basic Law and "One Country, Two Systems" (一國兩制) framework, the government operates with a degree of autonomy while remaining under Beijing's jurisdiction for foreign policy and defense matters. The Chief Executive, selected by a 300-member election committee and appointed by the Central People's Government,…
Columbia
RTVC Sistema de Medios Públicos (Radio Televisión Nacional de Colombia) is Colombia's public broadcasting service, operating under the Ministry of Information Technologies and Communications. Created in October 2004 through Decree 3525 after dissolving Inravisión, RTVC manages two national television channels—Señal Colombia (cultural and educational programming) and Canal Institucional (government information)—plus one regional channel, Canal Trece. The system also operates two national radio networks: Radio Nacional de Colombia (cultural and informative) and Radiónica (youth-orie…
Poland
The Polish Press Agency or PAP was founded in 1918 as the Polish Telegraphic Agency (Polska Agencja Telegraficzna, PAT), making it one of the world's oldest wire services. Poland's national news agency produces political, economic, social, and cultural content with headquarters in Warsaw and 24 regional bureaus, employing nearly 500 staff as of 2013. The agency claims its content reaches 96.5 percent of Polish Internet users …
France
The France-China Friendship Exchange Association, established on November 13, 1989, is a Paris-based organization founded by Louis Marchandier, who serves as its current president. The organization claims to "build a bridge of friendship and business opportunities between Europe and China," providing consulting services and facilitating exchanges. Jean-Paul Bonnes, described as an honorary deputy director at the French Interior Ministry, joined as vice president to strengthen ties with French government departments. The association has collaborated with the Chinese People's Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries (中國人民對外友好協會
Algeria
Launched on October 1, 2019, the Chinese Silk Road News Network presents itself as an independent media platform dedicated to promoting Sino-Arab relations and the Belt and Road Initiative. While claiming to be a "neutral" news outlet, the network appears to be a carefully crafted propaganda tool designed to advance Chinese soft power in the Arab world. Founded by Abdel Kader Khalil, a former head of an international Arab journalists' union, the network purports to bridge cultural gaps between China and Arab countries. Howe…
Russia
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation (俄羅斯聯邦外交部), or MFA Russia, is the central government institution responsible for leading Russia's foreign policy and international relations. The ministry in its current form was established on December 25, 1991, following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, as the successor to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. Headquartered in Moscow, the ministry is headed by Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov and operates under the authority of the Russian President. The MFA mana…
China
Established in 2009, the Global Chinese Media Cooperative Union is a global organization operated by the Chinese Communist Party's United Front Work Department through China News Service (中國新聞社), one of two official wire services in China. While the union claims to be a "non-profit organization voluntarily comprised of overseas Chinese-language media outlets," it functions as a vehicle to promote Chinese Party-state narratives. The organization publicly states its mission to support official Chinese Communist Party agendas such as the Belt and Road in…
Egypt
Established in 2012 as the sole Chinese-founded publication in the Middle East with official registration under Egypt's General News Authority, China Weekly Egypt publishes in both Chinese and Arabic. The newspaper focuses on Chinese politics, economics, culture, and sports while featuring a special section on "Chinese in Egypt." Led by director Ma Qiang (马强) since its founding, the publication produced a "Friendship Special Edition" during Xi Jinping's 2016 Egypt visit. The newspaper appears connected to China News Service (CNS)—an official state news wire under the United Front Work…
China
China International Communications Group, also known as China International Publishing Group (中國國際出版集團), is a state-controlled media organization established in 1949 and owned by the Central Propaganda Department of the Chinese Communist Party. Headquartered in Beijing, it operates as a foreign-language publishing and communications enterprise claiming to "introduce China to foreign countries." The organization reportedly runs 20 overseas branches in countries including the United States, Britain, Germany, and Mexico, employing approximately 3,000 staff members, including about 100 foreign workers. CICG publish…
